ACTA NEUROPHARMACOLOGICA

Protective Effects of Chrysophanol on Liver Injury Induced by Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion in Mice

ZHAO Wei, LI Fang-jiang, WANG Shu

2014, 4 (4): 1-9.

Abstract ( 2864 )

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Objective: To research the protective effects of chrysophanol(Chry) on liver injury induced by cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in mice and its molecular preliminary mechanism. Methods: By improved Himori method, Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury model of mice was produced in conscious mice by temporarily obstructing bilateral common carotid arteries. The mice were randomly divided into six groups: control group, sham-operated group, model group, chrysophanol group (10.0, 1.0, 0.1mg·kg-1). The alanine aminotransferase(ALT), aspartate transaminase(AST), superoxide dismutase(SOD) and malondialdehyde(MDA) in the plasma and the SOD and MDA in the liver were measured with biochemical methods in mice. The expression of Caspase3 was determined by immunohistochemistry, and the expression of Caspase3 mRNA was detected using in situ hybridization assay. Results: There are no obvious pathological changes in various indicators between control group and sham-operated group. For mice of modle group, the concentration of ALT, AST, MDA increased and the activity of SOD decreaed in plasma; the concentration of MDA increased and the activity of SOD decreaed in liver; the expression of Caspase3 and Caspase3 mRNA strengthened in liver. For mice of chrysophanol group, chrysophanol(10.0, 1.0, 0.1 mg·kg-1) could decrease the concentration of ALT, AST, MDA and increase the activity of SOD in plasma; chrysophanol(10.0, 1.0, 0.1 mg·kg-1) could decrease the concentration of MDA and increase the activity of SOD in liver; and chrysophanol(10.0, 1.0, 0.1 mg·kg-1) could attenuate the expression of Caspase3 and Caspase3 mRNA in liver. Conclusions: Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion may cause liver damage secondarily. Chrysophanol showed the protective effects on injury liver in mice with cerebral-schemia reperfusion injury, perhaps the mechanism is involved in attenuating the expression of Caspase3 and Caspase3 mRNA, then inhibiting the cell apoptosis, enhancing the ability of the antioxidative stress.

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Effects of Limb Remote Ischemic Postconditioning on Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

PU Ju, YAO Sheng-tao

2014, 4 (4): 10-14.

Abstract ( 2186 )

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Objective: To study the effects of limb remote ischemic postconditioning (RIP) on reducing brain damage in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. Methods: Ischemia-reperfusion injury and remote ischemic postconditioning models were established in rats. The neurological deficit scores were assessed (Bederson score) at 12, 24, and 72 hours post-surgeries. T2-Weighted Imaging of magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) was used to determine the infarct volume at 12 hours,24 hours,72 hours. Results: Compared with the model groups, the neurological deficit scores were decreased in 24h groups (P<0.05).The volume of infraction in RIP groups was significantly smaller than those in the model groups after ischemia at each time point. Conclusion: RIP reduces the neurological deficit scores at 24h after ischemia, alleviates the volume of cerebral infraction from 12h to 72h after ischemia, suggesting that RIP can decrease cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury.

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Establishment and Evaluation of the Conditioned Foot-shock as a Behaviour Model of Social Phobia in Mice

ZHAO Nan, ZHANG Li-Ming, LI Yun-Feng

2014, 4 (4): 15-19.

Abstract ( 2364 )

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Objective：To establish a stable and specific behaviour model of social phobia(SP) in mice. Methods: The conditioned foot-shock (0.7mA, 1s, 1-5 times) was used to induce a model of SP in mice. The social investigation behavior were detected on d 2 or d 15 after the foot-shock, with the percentage of investigation time ( IT % ) as a behavior index of SP. In addition, the elevated plus maze test (EPMT), the light/dark transition test (L/DTT) and the forced swimming test (FST) were used to evaluate the generalized anxiety behavior or depression-like behavior of the model mice. Results: In the social investigation test, compared with the non-social stimulus（NSS）group, the IT % of conditioned social stimulus（CSS） group were significantly decreased on d 2 or d 15 day after the conditioned foot-shock. On the other hand, no significant differences were observed between NSS group and CSS group on the behavioral indexes of EPMT, L/DTT and FST. Conclusion: The SP model in mice was established successfully by the conditioned foot-shock paradigm. The model was stable and specific within at least 2 weeks and without the interference of generalized anxiety or depression-like behavior.

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Research Progress of Postoperative Delirium

XUE Zhan-xia，GAO Yong-shan

2014, 4 (4): 20-27.

Abstract ( 2496 )

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Delirium is an acute cerebral syndrome characterized by disturbances of consciousness and cognitive function. Delirium after operations is associated with increased postoperative complications, high hospitalization cost, long hospitalization, and it can increase short-term and long-term mortality, reduce cognitive functioning. The diagnosis, treatment and prevention of delirium are of great importance for perioperative patients undergoing surgery. In recent years, there has been many investigations made for the occurrence, development, diagnosis and treatment of delirium after surgery, and some progress has been made. This review focuses on the pathophysiology, risk factors, diagnostic methods, treatment and preventive strategies of delirium after surgery.

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Effects of Hypoxia and Perarterial Nerve Change on Cardiocerebrovascular System

LU Dan-dan, ZHAO Jing, REN Lei-ming

2014, 4 (4): 28-35.

Abstract ( 2187 )

Vascular dysfunction is the main cause of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells when exposed to the hypoxia can quickly produce several types of responses including acute reaction and gene level alteration, and ultimately resulting in a vasoconstriction or vasodilation. The reduction of oxygen content in arterial blood also immediately stimulates carotid body chemoreceptor, and then activates the sympathetic nerves, which induces an acute change of vascular function. Heme oxygenases and hypoxia-inducible factor play a vital role in the long term effect of vessel walls during hypoxia. This article also introduces that long term nerve stimulation can promote not only the vascular endothelial injury but also the proliferation and migration of adventitial fibroblasts and medial smooth muscle cells. Furthermore, we focus on the central nervous system diseases involved in cerebrovascular endothelial cells.

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Treatment for Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease

WU Zhi-gang，SHEN Li-xia

2014, 4 (4): 36-41.

Abstract ( 2227 )

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Parkinson’s disease is a progressive degenerative disorder of the central nervous system. Although motor symptoms are a predominant feature of the condition, non-motor symptoms have also been recognized. Lower urinary tract dysfunction is frequently present in patients affected with Parkinson’s disease. Symptoms such as urgency, frequency, nocturia and urge incontinence significantly impact the patient’s quality of life. We present an overview of current and prospective treatment strategies. These treatments might be beneficial in maximizing the patients’ quality of life.

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Long Noncoding RNAs：Research Strategies and Progresses in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Zhang Zhao, Chu Shi-feng, Huang Hui-yong, Chen Nai-hong

2014, 4 (4): 42-49.

Abstract ( 2808 )

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Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcribed RNA molecules greater than 200 nucleotides in length. Nowadays, lncRNAs are found to have lots of functions including regulating transcription, post-transcriptional RNA processing, translation, nuclear factor transport, gene rearrangement and chromatin modification. Abnormal expressions of lncRNAs always come along with the pathogenesis of many diseases, such as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and cardiovascular disease. Thus a systematic and comprehensive profiling of lncRNA will help us to have a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of the diseases. This article will focus on the research strategies of lncRNA and the latest progress in neurodegenerative diseases, which will contribute to the establishment of the regulation network of nervous system, and provide new ideas for the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases.

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Advances in Pharmacologic Treatment of Acute Cerebral Ischemia

ZHANG Wen，SONG Jun-ke，DU li-da，ZHANG Xue，DU Guan-hua

2014, 4 (4): 50-58.

Abstract ( 2557 )

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Acute cerebral ischemia is one of the most threating diseases to human health, with extremely complex pathophysiological mechansm. Given that there are almost no ideal therapeutic drugs in clinical, current research has focused on finding new effective pharmacological treatment. Systematically reviewing a number of acute cerebral ischemia literatures at home and abroad, this paper summarized the research situation of various types of anti-cerebral ischemia drugs, with emphasis on the clinical medication in this field.

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Research Progress in Tropaeolum Pharmacological Activity

CAO Xin-xin, WANG Shu-hua

2014, 4 (4): 59-64.

Abstract ( 2683 )

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Tropaeolum as traditional Chinese medicine has many active ingredients such as flavonoids, organic acids, alkaloids, etc. And flavonoids are its main effective components; pharmacological studies have shown that trollius chinensis extract has antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant activity, etc. This paper made a summary on the research progress of pharmacological activity in recent years.

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