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Research Progress on Mitochondrial Metabolomics and Its Application in Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine HUANG Xing-yue, QIN Xue-mei, LIU Yue-tao ACTA NEUROPHARMACOLOGICA    2024, 14 (3): 59-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1396.2024.03.008 Abstract （181）      PDF（pc） （919KB）（107）       Knowledge map    Save Mitochondria is a kind of semi-autonomous organelle, which integrates three basic life activities: material metabolism, energy metabolism and genetic variation, and its metabolism is at the core of cell metabolic network. Current metabonomics mostly focuses on the metabolic characteristics of the whole cell, but lacks the specific reflection of mitochondrial metabolism. Therefore, it is necessary to study the metabolism of mitochondria. Traditional Chinese medicine has unique advantages and characteristics in treating diseases based on syndrome differentiation. Mitochondrial metabolism is also one of its important targets. The study of traditional Chinese medicine based on mitochondrial metabonomics is helpful to reveal the mechanism and target of traditional Chinese medicine in energy metabolism network from the perspective of mitochondrial metabolism. At present, there are many problems and difficulties in mitochondrial metabonomics research, such as the extraction, separation and evaluation of mitochondria, metabolites and so on. This paper summarizes the present situation of mitochondrial metabonomics and its research progress in the field of traditional Chinese medicine, which provides technical support and new research direction for the scientific research of traditional Chinese medicine. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Exploring the Mechanism of Ganmai Dazao Decoction in Treating Cardiac Neurosis Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking HAO Sheng-jie, DU Yu-xin, LU Shang-kai, HUANG Shi-jie, WANG Hui, WANG Bing-jie, ZHAO Bo, LI Meng-wei, LI Qian ACTA NEUROPHARMACOLOGICA    2024, 14 (3): 36-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1396.2024.03.005 Abstract （166）      PDF（pc） （4417KB）（138）       Knowledge map    Save Objective：To investigate the mechanism of action of Ganmai Dazao Tang in the treatment of cardiac neurosis based on network pharmacology combined with molecular docking. Methods: We searched the Chinese Medicine System Pharmacology (TCMSP) database to obtain the target information of active ingredients, and mined the GeneCards database to construct disease targets. The STRING (https://string-db.org/) database was used to construct protein-protein interaction (PPI) network models, which were visualized and analyzed with Cytoscape 3.8.2. The online analysis platform DAVID v6.8 was used to perform Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) signaling pathway enrichment analysis and gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis on the key targets. KEGG signaling pathway and GO enrichment analysis were mapped using R package. Molecular docking was accomplished using AutoDock Vina, Pymol 2.0.1, and Openbable 3.1.1. Results: A total of 107 active ingredients including quercetin, lignans, kaempferol, naringenin, isorhamnetin and other biologically important components acted on 203 potential targets for disease drug therapy including STAT3, JUN, TNF, TPT53, AKT1, EGFR. And it was widely enriched in a series of signaling pathways of TNF, HIF-1 and Toll-like receptor, and the core active ingredients were also tightly bound to the core targets. Conclusion: Flavonoids, triterpenoids and phenols in Ganmai Dazao Tang can stably bind to the disease targets of cardiac neurosis, which further confirmed that the formula treats functional disorders, dirty agitation, depression and anxiety through multi-components, multitargets and multi-pathways, which provides scientific basis and reference for the treatment of cardiac neurosis by traditional Chinese medicine. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Exploration of the Effect of Danggui-Shaoyao-Sanon Steroid Hormone Receptor in the Treatment of Diabetic Cognitive Impairment Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking LI Tian-tian, FU Xin, YE Jing-ying ACTA NEUROPHARMACOLOGICA    2024, 14 (3): 17-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1396.2024.03.003 Abstract （129）      PDF（pc） （4825KB）（136）       Knowledge map    Save Objective： Using network pharmacology and molecular docking technology explores the effect of danggui-shaoyao-san (DSS) on steroid hormone receptors to treat diabetic cognitive impairment. Methods: Angelica sinensis, Paeonia lactiflora Pall, Atractylodes macrocephala, Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort, Poria cocos, and Alisma Plantago-aquatica Linn in DSS were selected as the research objects, and the main chemical components and corresponding targets of six traditional Chinese medicines were screened by TCMSP database. Gene targets related to diabetic cognitive impairment were retrieved from OMIM database and Gene Cards database. Steroid hormone receptors retrieved from the literature and NCBI database and potential targets of DSS in the treatment of diabetic cognitive impairment were input into the STRING platform to obtain the protein network interaction map. The 3D structure of the compound was obtained from the PubChem database, and the 3D structure of the steroid receptor was obtained from the PDB database. The molecular docking software AutoDock4.2.6 was used to obtain the binding energy of the active component of DSS and the steroid hormone receptors. Results: 47 active components and 161 targets of DSS were obtained; 8 018 disease targets of diabetic cognitive impairment; 138 potential targets of DSS in the treatment of diabetic cognitive impairment; 11 steroid hormone receptors. Base on the analysis of protein interaction network, ER α, GR, AR, PR and ER β were a core target. Finally, molecular docking was carried out to screen the results. Conclusion: Based on the research method of network pharmacology and molecular docking, catechin, diosgenin, naringenin, quercetin, taxifolin, kaempferol are mainly found in DSS. These active ingredients act on steroid hormone receptors such as ER α, GR, AR, PR and ER β. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Mechanism of Dandelion's Anti-Gastric Cancer Effects Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Analysis WANG Jing, LI Lu-lu, WANG Shao-xuan, TAO Zi-ai, JIA Gui-yan, DONG Shang-lin ACTA NEUROPHARMACOLOGICA    2024, 14 (3): 27-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1396.2024.03.004 Abstract （124）      PDF（pc） （4983KB）（21）       Knowledge map    Save Objective：To predict the active components and primary targets of dandelion in the treatment of gastric cancer using network pharmacology, and to explore its underlying mechanisms. Methods: Potential active components of dandelion were retrieved from TCMID, PubChem, and Swiss Target Prediction databases, and their corresponding targets were predicted. Gastric cancer-related targets were identified using OMIM, GeneCards and DrugBank databases. Common targets between dandelion and gastric cancer were identified. STRING database was used for protein-protein interaction analysis. Cytoscape 3.9.1 was employed to create a "drug-componenttarget- disease" network, while Network Analyzer was utilized to analyze the key targets. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were conducted using Bioconductor packages in R software Molecular docking of dandelion's main active components with core targets was conducted using AutoDock. Results: 65 potential active components and 577 drug targets of dandelion were identified, along with 1 517 gastric cancer targets, yielding 118 common targets. Key active components include artemetin, quercetin, luteolin, myricetin, hesperetin, coniferyl aldehyde, and esculetin. Key targets include STAT3, SRC, MAPK3, HSP90AA1, PIK3R1, MAPK1, and PIK3CA. GO analysis identified 2 402 biological processes, 91 cellular components, and 168 molecular functions. KEGG analysis identified 163 pathways. Molecular docking indicated strong binding affinities between major active components and key targets. Conclusion: Dandelion exhibits therapeutic effects on gastric cancer through multiple components, pathways, and targets, providing a theoretical basis for further investigation into its antigastric cancer mechanisms and offering relevant evidence for subsequent experimental validation. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Application of Intestinal Obstruction Catheter Combined with Enema with Chinese Herbs in Children with Non Strangulated Intestinal Obstruction SUN Chuan-wei ACTA NEUROPHARMACOLOGICA    2024, 14 (3): 54-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1396.2024.03.007 Abstract （118）      PDF（pc） （1114KB）（95）       Knowledge map    Save Objective: To explore the application of intestinal obstruction catheter combined with enema with Chinese herbs in children with non strangulated intestinal obstruction. Methods: 100 children with non strangulated intestinal obstruction admitted to our hospital from July 2020 to July 2022 were selected as the study subjects. Randomly divided into general enema group (n=50) and Magnolia officinalis exhaust group (n=50), The general enema group was treated with warm saline enema and soapy water enema; The Houpu exhaust group was treated with intestinal obstruction catheter and Houpu exhaust mixture enema. The changes of serum inflammatory factors before and after treatment were analyzed; The time of relieving abdominal distension, time of spontaneous exhaust, time of resuming diet and time of disappearance of gas liquid level were collected in the two groups; The clinical treatment efficiency of the two groups was analyzed. Results: The relieving time of abdominal distension, the time of spontaneous exhaust, the time of resuming diet and the time of disappearance of gas liquid level in the exhaust group of Magnolia officinalis were shorter than those in the general enema group (P<0.05). The levels of IFABP, D-D, PLR and PCT in the exhaust group were lower than those in the general enema group (P<0.05). The clinical cure rate of Magnolia officinalis exhaust group was higher than that of general enema group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Intestinal obstruction catheter combined with traditional Chinese medicine enema of Magnolia officinalis can effectively shorten the time of abdominal distension, exhaust and diet recovery in children with non strangulated intestinal obstruction, reduce inflammatory reaction, and have a definite clinical effect. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Optimization of Extraction Process of Total Flavonoids from Green Pepper Leaves and Its Antioxidant Activity LAN Zhi-fu ACTA NEUROPHARMACOLOGICA    2024, 14 (3): 9-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1396.2024.03.002 Abstract （112）      PDF（pc） （4034KB）（73）       Knowledge map    Save Objective: The purpose was to explore the technology of snail enzyme-assisted extraction of total flavonoids from green pepper leaves and its antioxidant activity. Methods: Box-Behnken response surface method was introduced on the basis of single factor experiment, and the snail enzyme-assisted extraction process of total flavonoids from green pepper leaves was optimized, and a quadric quadratic regression equation was established, and its antioxidant activity was investigated by its scavenging rate of DPPH and OH free radicals. Results: The experimental results showed that the total flavonoids from green pepper leaves could be extracted efficiently under the optimum conditions of enzymolysis time 61 min, enzyme dosage 1.8%, pH 5.5 and enzymolysis temperature 57℃ , and the extraction rate reached the highest, reaching 26.49 mg·g-1. Comparing the actual value with the predicted value (26.59 mg·g-1), the relative error was only 0.38%, which proved that the model had high accuracy and reliability. The free radical scavenging effect showed that the semi-inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of total flavonoids from green pepper leaves on DPPH and OH radicals were 69.11 mg·L-1 and 163.31 mg·L-1, respectively. Conclusion: Response surface methodology can be used to optimize the extraction process of total flavonoids from green pepper leaves, and the extracted total flavonoids from green pepper leaves showed certain antioxidant activity, which provided a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of green pepper leaf resources. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Study on Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography Fingerprint of Mistletoe ZHANG Ao-kai, LI Wen-jie, DONG Yang-yang, CHU Han-bing, DONG Xue-hai, ZHAO Li-yan, ZHANG Wanming , ZHANG Yuan-yuan ACTA NEUROPHARMACOLOGICA    2024, 14 (3): 1-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1396.2024.03.001 Abstract （111）      PDF（pc） （1586KB）（94）       Knowledge map    Save Objective：The UPLC fingerprint of Mistletoe was established and the similarity evaluation was carried out. Combined with cluster analysis and principal component analysis, chemometric analysis methods were used to provide reference for the quality consistency evaluation of Mistletoe medicinal materials. Methods: The chromatographic column was Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 chromatographic column (2.1×100 mm, 1.8 μm). The mobile phase was acetonitrile ( A ) -0.5 % acetic acid water ( B ) with gradient elution. The detection wavelength was 254 nm. Column temperature 30℃ ; the injection volume was 3 μL.《The Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of Traditional Chinese Medicine ( 2012 Edition )》was used to establish the fingerprint of Mistletoe, and the common peaks were calibrated and the similarity was evaluated. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis were performed on 14 batches of Mistletoe by SPSS 26.0. Results: The methodological investigation results of the fingerprint of Mistletoe were good, and 14 common peaks were identified. By comparing with the reference substance, it was identified that the No.4 peak was Syringin and the No.9 peak was homoeriodictyol-7-O-β-D-glucoside. The similarity evaluation results showed that the similarity of 11 batches of samples was above 0.950, and the similarity of the other 3 batches was less than 0.950. The samples were clustered into three categories by cluster analysis, S5 was a separate category, S12, S7, S9 were a category, and the rest of the samples were clustered into one category. The cumulative variance contribution rate of the four principal component factors obtained by principal component analysis was 88.732%. The principal component factors of S5, S10, S3 and S11 samples were in the top four of the comprehensive scores, and the overall quality was good. Conclusion: The fingerprint method established in this study has good separation, precision and stability, short analysis time and strong specificity. Combined with similarity evaluation, cluster analysis and principal component analysis, it can provide a theoretical basis for the quality control of Mistletoe medicinal materials. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Efficacy and Safety Analysis of Recombinant Human Growth Hormone Therapy in Children with Idiopathic Short Stature with Different Body Mass Indexes ZHANG Wen-hui, XU Zheng-rong ACTA NEUROPHARMACOLOGICA    2024, 14 (3): 47-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1396.2024.03.006 Abstract （109）      PDF（pc） （1109KB）（53）       Knowledge map    Save Objective：This article aims to analyze the differences in efficacy and safety of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) treatment in children with idiopathic short stature (ISS) with different body mass indexes (BMI). Methods: ISS patients who received rhGH treatment at the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University were selected as the research subjects. According to the growth standards for children under 7 years old and the gender age specific body mass index (BMI) overweight and obesity thresholds for Chinese school aged children and adolescents aged 6~18, ISS patients were divided into normal BMI group, overweight group and obese group. The height (Ht), body mass index (BMI), growth velocity (GV), height standard deviation score (HtSDS), insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), insulin like growth factor binding-protein-3 (IGFBP-3), fasting blood glucose (FBG), thyroid function and liver function of three groups were measured before treatment, 3 months after treatment, and 6 months after treatment. Results: After rhGH treatment, the levels of Ht, GV, HtSDS, IGF-1, and IGFBP-3 in the three groups of ISS patients increased compared to before treatment (P<0.05). The amount of increase in Ht, GV, and HtSDS in children with normal BMI were significantly higher than those in the overweight and obese groups (P<0.05), while there was no significant difference between the overweight group and obese group (P>0.05). After 6 months of treatment, the BMI of children with normal BMI increased compared to before treatment (P<0.05), while the BMI of overweight group and obese group decreased compared to before (P<0.05). rhGH treatment has no significant effect on fasting blood glucose, thyroid function and liver function. Conclusion: rhGH can significantly increase the levels of Ht, HtSDS, GV, IGF-1, and IGFBP-3 in children with ISS. The therapeutic effect of ISS patients with normal BMI is significantly better than that of overweight group and obese group. There is no significant difference in the therapeutic effect between overweight and obese ISS patients, and rhGH treatment has great safety. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effects of Tau Protein on Mitochondrial Function in Alzheimer's Disease YAO Si-fan, ZHANG Xin, SHEN Li-xia ACTA NEUROPHARMACOLOGICA    2024, 14 (4): 54-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1396.2024.04.010 Abstract （107）      PDF（pc） （1084KB）（9）       Knowledge map    Save Tau protein is an important protein that physiologically promotes microtubule assembly and stabilization and is involved in neuronal development, axonal transport and neuronal polarity. In Alzheimer's disease (AD), Tau proteins undergo pathological modifications in which soluble Tau assembles into insoluble filaments, leading to synaptic failure and neurodegenerative lesions. Mitochondria are the most important organelles in neurons and are the main source of energy, providing adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through oxidative phosphorylation to maintain normal neuronal homeostasis and function. A growing body of evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a key role in the pathogenesis of AD. Negative effects on mitochondrial bioenergetics, transport and morphology in neurons lead to synaptic damage and cognitive decline in AD. Tau proteins have been shown to interact with mitochondrial proteins, impairing mitochondrial dynamics, mitochondrial morphology and autophagy, leading to neurotoxicity. This article provides a review of the effects of Tau proteins on mitochondria in AD and the mechanisms of action. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research Progress on the Etiology of Febrile Seizures and the Treatment HAO Xue-nan, YANG Lei, ZHAO Wen-ya, ZHANG Wei ACTA NEUROPHARMACOLOGICA    2024, 14 (4): 42-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1396.2024.04.008 Abstract （99）      PDF（pc） （1059KB）（23）       Knowledge map    Save Febrile seizures (FS) are convulsions characterized by a body temperature of 38.5℃ or higher, without central nervous system infection or other epileptic causes, affecting 2% to 14% of the global population and being a common neurological disorder in childhood. The occurrence of FS is age dependent, most prevalent in children aged 6 months to 5 years. The pathogenesis of FS remains unclear, although it is known that various factors can induce FS, including abnormal body temperature, age and brain maturity, genetic factors, and infections. Moreover, other factors can predispose to the development of FS. Current treatment of FS primarily involves antiepileptic drugs. This article reviews the pathophysiological mechanisms of FS, with a focus on the research progress of FS etiology and treatment. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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To Investigate the Mechanism of Taurine for Age-Related Macular Degeneration Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking CHEN Xiao-yang, WANG Zi-yi, XIE Ya-hao, JIN Qi, LIU Si-ning, AN Jia-yi, LIU Ya-meng, QIANG Meng-ze, LI Jia-geng, CHEN Zhuo-zhuo, ZHANG Yuan-yuan, YU Jia-chen, YANG zhi-qiang ACTA NEUROPHARMACOLOGICA    2024, 14 (6): 1-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1396.2024.06.001 Abstract （73）      PDF（pc） （2812KB）（23）       Knowledge map    Save Objective: To investigate the effect and mechanism of Taurine in the treatment of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) by using network pharmacology and molecular docking technology and in vitro experiments. Methods: The intersection targets of Taurine and AMD were obtained and screened from different databases. Through the Protein Interaction Network (PPI). Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG Enrichment Analysis) signal pathway analysis, according to Cytoscape to establish a “drug-target-pathway” network to deeply explore the mechanism of Taurine action on AMD. Preliminary verification by molecular docking technology. The model of ARPE-19 cell senescence was established by H2O2 in vitro. Cell proliferation assay kit (CCK-8) was used to detect the optimal concentration and action time of H2O2 and Taurine. The senescence degree was detected by β-galactosidase kit staining. The levels of steroid receptor co-activating protein (SRC), tumor protein 53 (P53) ，and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were detected by Western blotting (WB) assay. The expression levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were detected by ELISA kit. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to analyze the expression levels of target genes SRC, P53 and MPO mRNA. Results: Network pharmacological analysis showed that the intersection of Taurine and AMD targets included inflammation-related factors such as SRC, IL-6, TNF-α, and cell senescence related targets such as P53 and MPO. The results of GO biological function and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis show that it contains signaling pathways related to aging inflammation. The results of β-galactosidase staining and CCK-8 experiment showed that the optimal concentration of H2O2 on APRE-19 cells was 100μmol·L-1 for 24 h, and Taurine 10 mmol·L-1, 20 mmol·L-1 and 40 mmol·L-1 were suitable concentrations. WB results showed that SRC was significantly increased and P53 and MPO were significantly decreased in Taurine group compared with model group. PCR results showed that compared with the model group, mRNA level of SRC was significantly increased, and P53 and MPO mRNA levels were significantly decreased in Taurine group. ELISA results showed that IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly decreased in Taurine group compared with model group. Conclusion: Network pharmacology, molecular docking and cell experiments were used to confirm that Taurine has an anti-aging effect on ARPE-19 cells by inhibiting inflammation through the SRCP53- MPO axis. It provides a scientific basis for further elucidation of the mechanism of action of taurine in the treatment of AMD. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research Progress of GABAA Receptor and Central Nervous System Diseases ZHANG Ran-ran, ZHANG Chun-yue, WU Zhi-gang ACTA NEUROPHARMACOLOGICA    2024, 14 (6): 50-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1396.2024.06.008 Abstract （61）      PDF（pc） （982KB）（12）       Knowledge map    Save GABAA receptors are pentamers composed of multiple subunits, which not only determine the cellular location of GABAA receptors but also affect their biological functions. When the subunit is mutated, the receptor cannot effectively respond to GABA released by presynaptic neurons and glia, resulting in central nervous system diseases. This article will review the relationship between GABAA receptor and common diseases of central nervous system, and strive to provide theoretical basis for the treatment of these diseases. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on the Optimization of Mistletoe Extraction Process Based on Box-Behnken Design-Response Surface Method ZHANG Ao-kai, LI Wen-jie, DONG Yang-yang, CHU Han-bing, DONG Xue-hai, ZHAO Li-yan, ZHANG Wanming , ZHANG Yuan-yuan ACTA NEUROPHARMACOLOGICA    2024, 14 (4): 1-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1396.2024.04.001 Abstract （57）      PDF（pc） （2015KB）（32）       Knowledge map    Save Objective： To optimize the extraction process of Mistletoe by using the Box-Behnken design-response surface method, and the comprehensive content of the two active ingredients as the evaluation index. Methods: The ethanol volume fraction, extraction time and solid-liquid ratio of Mistletoe extraction process were optimized by using the Box- Behnken design-response surface method on the basis of single factor. Ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) was used to determine the content of two active components in Mistletoe from 14 origins. Results: The optimal extraction process of Mistletoe was 71% ethanolaqueous solution, liquid-solid ratio 25:1, and extraction time 67 min. The optimal extraction process showed that the average comprehensive content was 571.7 μg·g-1 when the weight ratio of Syringin to homoeriodictyol-7-O-β-D-glucoside was 7:3. The contents of Syringin and homoeriodictyol-7-O-β-D-glucoside ranged from 128.7~662.8 μg·g-1 and 77.24~801.8 μg·g-1. The contents of Syringin and homoeriodictyol-7-O-β-D-glucoside in Mistletoe from different origins were different, among which the content of homoeriodictyol-7-O-β-D-glucoside in Mistletoe from Sichuan was relatively high, which was 0.84 mg·g-1, and the content of Syringin from Mistletoe from Anhui was relatively high at 0.47 mg·g-1. Conclusion: The method established in this study has high sensitivity, good separation effect, stable and reliable results, which can provide a scientific basis for the extraction of active ingredients, quality evaluation and resource development and utilization of Mistletoe. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Recent Progress in the Metabolomics of Alzheimer's Disease ZHANG Xin, YAO Si-fan, MA Meng-fan, SHEN Li-xia ACTA NEUROPHARMACOLOGICA    2024, 14 (5): 47-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1396.2024.05.007 Abstract （55）      PDF（pc） （983KB）（8）       Knowledge map    Save Alzheimer's disease is a complex neurodegenerative disorder whose exact etiology is still not fully understood. In recent years, the application of metabolomics has provided new perspectives to unravel the complex biological mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease. By quantitatively analyzing a comprehensive range of metabolites in biological samples, researchers are able to identify metabolic changes associated with Alzheimer's disease, providing data to support the exploration of potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. This paper reviews research advances in metabolomics in revealing metabolic changes, identifying biomarkers, and detection tools for Alzheimer's disease. Metabolomics studies have confirmed the presence of reduced brain energy metabolism, abnormal membrane phospholipid metabolism, and imbalances in pathways related to lipid, amino acid, and choline metabolism in patients with AD. These findings emphasize the importance of metabolomics in AD and provide valuable information for future research directions and clinical diagnosis. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Study on the Effects of Vitamin D on DNA Methylation in Alzheimer's Disease Cell Models ZHANG Yuan-qing, LIN Yu, HUANG Li ACTA NEUROPHARMACOLOGICA    2024, 14 (6): 39-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1396.2024.06.006 Abstract （53）      PDF（pc） （1014KB）（4）       Knowledge map    Save Objective: This study aims to investigate the effects of Vitamin D (Vit D) on DNA methylation in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) cell models, and the relationship between these effects and AD pathological progression, to provide new insights and potential targets for AD prevention and treatment. Methods: An AD cell model was constructed by treating human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells with Aβ1-42 (10 μmol·L-1) for 24 hours. Western blot was used to detect p-tau protein expression to validate the model. Cells were divided into normal control group, AD model group, and high, medium, and low concentration Vit D treatment groups. MTT assay was used to evaluate the effect of Vit D on cell proliferation. Real-time PCR and Western blot were used to detect mRNA and protein expression levels of DNA methyltransferases, respectively. Results: The AD model group showed significantly increased p-tau protein expression. Vit D treatment groups demonstrated significantly improved cell proliferation rates compared to the AD model group, in a dose-dependent manner. Compared with the AD model group, the mRNA and protein expression levels of DNMT1 and DNMT3A were significantly upregulated in the Vit D treatment groups. Conclusion: This study reveals that Vit D improves pathological changes in AD cell models by upregulating DNMT1 and DNMT3A expression, thereby increasing DNA methylation levels. This finding provides a new perspective for understanding the protective mechanism of Vit D in AD, while also offering potential epigenetic targets for the development of AD prevention and treatment strategies. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Expression of CAV1 and CAV2 in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Tissues and Their Effects on Survival, Immunity CAO Xin-ran, FAN Jian-chun, WANG Xia, LIU Xun-tao, ZHANG Bin ACTA NEUROPHARMACOLOGICA    2024, 14 (4): 9-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1396.2024.04.002 Abstract （53）      PDF（pc） （3364KB）（5）       Knowledge map    Save Objective： The key biomarkers CAV1 and CAV2 of HNSCC were screened based on bioinformatics methods, and their expression in HNSCC and clinical prognostic value were explored. Methods: In this study, we first compared the differential expression of caveolins and cavins in HNSCC based on the GEPIA database, and then simultaneously analyzed the relationship between the differential genes and clinical phenotypes in the caveolins and cavins families in the Ualcan platform; compared the relationship between the differential genes associated with the clinical phenotypes and the survival of HNSCC; and in addition performed CAV1 and CAV2 enrichment analysis and immune infiltration analysis were performed. Results: GEPIA database analysis showed significant correlation between CAV1, CAV2, CAVIN2,CAVIN3, etc. Among them, CAV1 and CAV2 were significantly correlated with the clinical phenotype and could significantly affect the survival and prognosis of HNSCC patients. GSEA enrichment analysis showed that CAV1 mainly upregulated IL-17 signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and NOD-like receptor signaling pathway; CAV2 mainly upregulated NODlike receptor signaling pathway and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and NOD-like receptor signaling pathway; CAV2 mainly up-regulated NODlike receptor signaling pathway and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway; and immune infiltration analysis showed that CAV1 and CAV2 significantly altered the survival and prognosis of HNSCC patients. CAV2 significantly altered the immune microenvironment of HNSCC tumors and correlated with the infiltration of various immune cells. Conclusion: CAV1 and CAV2, which are highly expressed in HNSCC, are independent prognostic factors associated with immune invasion and can be used as candidate prognostic markers for determining immune invasion-related prognosis in patients with HNSCC. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research Progress in the Treatment of Thin Endometrium with Traditional Chinese Medicine LI Na, ZHAO Cui-ying ACTA NEUROPHARMACOLOGICA    2024, 14 (4): 49-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1396.2024.04.009 Abstract （53）      PDF（pc） （1012KB）（12）       Knowledge map    Save Thin endometrium is one of the important causes of menorrhagia, recurrent abortion, infertility and other diseases, which is difficult to treat and difficult to detect in the early stage. By reviewing the research literature in recent years, the author found that traditional Chinese medicine has good clinical efficacy and few side effects in the treatment of thin endometrium. It can not only directly promote the expression of related factors, inhibit inflammatory factors, regulate the level of estrogen in the body, promote cell proliferation or apoptosis, increase endometrial receptivity, but also regulate a variety of signal pathways, multi-target, all-round treatment of TE. The current clinical research shows that simple internal administration of traditional Chinese medicine, simple external treatment, internal and external combination of traditional Chinese medicine and the combination of traditional Chinese and western medicine can effectively treat thin endometrium and improve the clinical symptoms of patients. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Rationality and Standardization Analysis of Benzodiazepines in Chronic Insomnia Patients HUANG Jun-hua ACTA NEUROPHARMACOLOGICA    2024, 14 (4): 38-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1396.2024.04.007 Abstract （52）      PDF（pc） （1063KB）（8）       Knowledge map    Save Objective： To analyze the rationality and standardization of benzodiazepine drugs in chronic insomnia patients. Methods: 148 patients with chronic insomnia from November 2022 to November 2023 were selected, the electronic prescription data were collected, the use of benzodiazepines was observed, and the rationality and standardization of benzodiazepine use were evaluated. Results: 55 of the 148 patients were on benzodiazepines, alprazolam tablets were the most prescribed, for 48 sheets (32.43%), 5 clonazepam tablets (3.38%), 2 diazepam tablets (1.35%). The majority of chronic insomnia patients were prescribed non-benzodiazepines (93, 62.84%). In the non-standard situation of benzodiazepine drugs, the prescription writing is not standardized. Repeated drug use, too long drug use time, inappropriate scope of drug use, incompatibility and other conditions appear less. Drug utilization index (DUI) of alprazolam tablets, clonazepam tablets and diazepam tablets were <1, Drug use is justified. Conclusion: The overall process of benzodiazepine treatment for chronic insomnia patients in our hospital is reasonable and normative, and some deficiencies need to be further improved. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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MRI Perfusion Imaging Evaluation of Butylphthalide Injection Combined with Xuesaitong Injection in The Treatment of Acute Cerebral Infarction XIAN Yao-lin, HUANG Rong-rong ACTA NEUROPHARMACOLOGICA    2024, 14 (4): 23-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1396.2024.04.004 Abstract （50）      PDF（pc） （1657KB）（3）       Knowledge map    Save Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of butylphthalide injection combined with Xuesaitong Injection in the treatment of acute cerebral infarction, and to evaluate the efficacy from the perspective of MRI perfusion imaging. Methods: 80 patients with acute cerebral infarction who met the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into control group and treatment group according to the random number table method, 40 cases in each group. After admission, the patients in both groups were treated according to the clinical pathway, and were given drugs such as antihypertensive, hypoglycemic, lipidlowering, neurotrophic, and antiplatelet aggregation. The control group was treated with butylphthalide sodium chloride injection 100 mL intravenous drip on this basis, while the observation group was treated with Xuesaitong injection 200 mg and 5% glucose injection 250 mL intravenous drip on the basis of the control group. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, Barthel Index (BI) of activities of daily living score and MRI perfusion imaging related indicators were compared between the two groups on the day of admission and 10 days after treatment. Results: The total effective rate of the treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group (97.50% vs 77.50%, P<0.05); After treatment, the NIHSS score of the two groups decreased and the Bi score increased compared with that before treatment, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05), and the treatment group was better than the control group (P<0.05); After treatment, the attenuation index of the region of interest in both groups was significantly reduced, and the average diffusion coefficient was significantly increased (P<0.05), and the data of the treatment group were significantly better than those of the control group (P<0.05); After grouping treatment, the cerebral blood volume and cerebral blood flow of the treatment group were significantly better than those of the control group (P<0.05); According to Pearson correlation analysis, the average diffusion coefficient (r=-0.503, r=0.482), attenuation index (r=-0.487, r=0.414), cerebral blood volume (r=-0.527, r=0.402) and cerebral blood flow (r=-0.625, r=0.516) in the treatment group after treatment were significantly correlated with NIHSS score and Bi score (P<0.05). Conclusion: Based on the results of multimodal MRI imaging, it can confirm the good effect of butylphthalide injection combined with Xuesaitong Injection in the treatment of acute cerebral infarction, show the difference changes of average diffusion coefficient and attenuation index in the lesion area before and after treatment, intuitively reflect the changes of volume ratio anisotropy and partial anisotropy, as well as the improvement of cerebral blood flow and cerebral blood volume, and the changes of the above indicators have a good correlation with the degree of neurological deficit and the changes of daily living ability in patients with acute cerebral infarction, suggesting that the results of multimodal MRI imaging can provide a reliable reference for the evaluation of the curative effect of acute cerebral infarction. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Determination of Hypoxanthine and Inosine in Five Origins of Geosaurus by HPLC Method WANG Hui, WANG Mai, MEI Yan-fei, SHI Yu-jie ACTA NEUROPHARMACOLOGICA    2024, 14 (4): 18-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1396.2024.04.003 Abstract （48）      PDF（pc） （1161KB）（7）       Knowledge map    Save Objective: To establish a method for the determination of hypoxanthine and inosine content in Geosaurus, and to determine the constituents of Geosaurus of five origins, so as to explore a new and efficient analytical research method for the study of extraction process and quality analysis of Geosaurus 's constituents. Methods: A high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was established for the determination of hypoxanthine and inosine. The separation was carried out on an Agilent extend C18 column, 4.6 mm×250 mm, particle size: 5 μm, with the mobile phase of methanol -0.2% phosphoric acid, injection volume of 20 μL, wavelength of 254 nm, column temperature of 30 ℃ , and gradient elution, to establish the standard curves of hypoxanthine and inosine and carry out the methodology of precision, stability,reproducibility, and sample recovery. The methodology of precision test, stability test, repeatability test and sample recovery test was investigated. Results: The standard curve of hypoxanthine: y = 78.819x + 245.92, R2 = 0.999 9, with good linearity in the range of 10.08~161.28 μg·mL-1; the standard curve of inosine: y = 56.566x + 68.333, R2 = 0.999 5, with good linearity in the range of 20.08~321.28 μg·mL-1; the standard curve of inosine: y = 56.566x + 68.333, R2 = 0.999 5, with good linearity in the range of 20.08~321.28 μg·mL-1. The linear relationship was good in the range of 20.08~321.28 μg·mL-1. The average recovery of hypoxanthine was 95.43% with the RSD value of 1.52% (n=6); the average recovery of inosine was 99.86% with the RSD value of 2.36% (n=6); and the contents of hypoxanthine in the five types of Geosaurus of Guangdong, Henan, Hainan, Shanghai and Guangxi were 0.533 5, 0.346 8, 0.687 4, 0.687 4, 0.566x + 68.333, R2= 0.999 5, with good linear relationship in the range of 20.08~321.28 μg·mL-1. The contents of hypoxanthine in Geosaurus from Guangdong, Henan, Hainan, Shanghai and Guangxi were 0.533 5, 0.346 8, 0.687 4, 0.569 4, 0.794 5 (mg·g-1), and the contents of inosine were 1.562 5, 0.567 4, 1.126 7, 0.843 6, 1.284 9 (mg·g-1). Conclusion: The established HPLC method of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has a good gradient elution effect, good experimental accuracy, good precision, good stability and high reproducibility, which is an efficient analytical determination. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）