Objective: To predict the B-cell linear epitopes of E6 and E7 proteins of human papillomavirus （HPV）16 and HPV18 and prepare rabbit polyclonal antibodies against E6 and E7 of HPV16 and HPV18. Methods：Bioinformatics software was used to analyze the amino acid sequences of E6 and E7 proteins of HPV16 and HPV18 to predict the B-cell linear epitopes. The peptides of HPV16 E6, HPV16 E7, HPV18 E6 and HPV18 E7 were designed and synthesized. The synthesized peptides were cross-linked with Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin (KLH), which was used to immunize New Zealand white rabbits to prepare the polyclonal antibodies. Recombinant proteins HPV16 E6 E7 and HPV18 E6 E7 expressed in the prokaryotic system were used as antigens to detect the titer and specificity of rabbit polyclonal antibodies by indirect ELISA and Western blot. Results: The titers of HPV16 E6, HPV16 E7 and HPV18 E7 polyclonal antibodies were 1:2.56×105, and the titer of HPV18 E6 polyclonal antibody was 1:1.28×105. Western blot results showed that the antibodies could bind specifically to the recombinant proteins HPV16 E6 E7 and HPV18 E6 E7. Conclusion: The polyclonal antibodies against E6 and E7 of HPV16 and HPV18 were successfully prepared, which created the conditions for the subsequent experimental research on HPV infection or HPV vaccine development.

Objective: To explore the effectiveness and safety of different interventions in elderly patients with sarcopenia. Methods: A total of 156 elderly patients with sarcopenia randomly divided into control group, nutrition group and nutrition exercise group and each group had 52 cases. The control group was given diagnosis and treatment service, the nutrition group was added nutrition intervention, and the nutrition exercise group was added nutrition combined exercise intervention on the basis of routine health guidance. After 3 months, skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), grip strength, 6 m stride speed, the intervention effectiveness of sarcopenia and the incidence of adverse events were compared among the three groups. Results: Follow-up was completed in all three groups. Before intervention, there were no significant differences in SMI, grip strength and 6 m stride speed among the three groups (P>0.05). The results of covariance analysis showed that there were significant differences in SMI, grip strength and 6 m stride speed among the three groups after intervention (P<0.01). Compared with the control group, SMI in nutrition group increased by 0.601 kg·m^-2 （P<0.001，95%Cl：0.477~0.724）, grip strength increased by 1.167 kg （P<0.001，95%Cl: 0.887~1.448）, 6 m stride speed increased by 0.148 m·s^-1（ P<0.001，95%Cl: 0.108~0.187）; In the nutrition exercise group, SMI increased by 0.677 kg·m^-2 (P<0.001, 95%Cl: 0.554~0.800), grip strength increased by 1.1986 (P<0.001, 95%Cl: 1.706~2.265), 6 m stride speed increased by 0.239 m·s^-1 (P<0.001, 95%Cl: 0.200~0.278). Compared with nutrition group, SMI in nutrition exercise group increased by 0.077 kg·m^-2 (P=0.221, 95%Cl: -0.046~0.200), grip strength increased by 0.818 (P<0.001, 95%Cl: 0.541~1.095), 6 m stride speed increased by 0.091 m·s-1 (P<0.001, 95%Cl: 0.052~0.130). The effective rate of sarcopenia intervention in nutrition group and nutrition exercise group was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.01); The effective rate of intervention in nutrition exercise group was higher than that in nutrition group (RR=1.260, 95%Cl: 0.858~1.850), with no statistical significance (P=0.163). The incidence of fracture and general adverse reactions in the three groups was not statistically significant (Fracture P=0.128; Adverse reaction P=0.773); The incidence of fall in nutrition group and nutrition exercise group was significantly lower than that in control group, with statistical significance (P=0.049). Conclusion: Nutritional intervention and nutritional exercise intervention for elderly patients with sarcopenia can improve muscle mass and muscle function, reduce the incidence of adverse events of fall, and have high safety and effectiveness, which is of great significance for elderly patients with sarcopenia.

Objective： To investigate the correlation between bone marrow cell morphological abnormalities and serum ferritin levels in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome, providing reference for clinical diagnosis and prognostic evaluation. Methods: 100 MDS patients admitted to Nantong Tongzhou District People's Hospital from January 2021 to December 2023 were selected as research subjects. Bone marrow cell morphological characteristics were observed using an Olympus CX31 microscope, routine blood parameters were detected using a Mindray BC7500 blood cell analyzer, and serum ferritin levels were measured by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 25.0 statistical software. Results: A significant positive correlation was found between the percentage of bone marrow blast cells and serum ferritin levels (r=0.642, P<0.01); the proportion of ring sideroblasts also showed a significant positive correlation with serum ferritin levels (r=0.583, P<0.01). Patients with severe bone marrow morphological abnormalities had significantly higher serum ferritin levels compared to those with mild to moderate abnormalities (P<0.05). Conclusion: The degree of bone marrow cell morphological abnormalities is closely correlated with serum ferritin levels in MDS patients. Combined detection has important clinical value in evaluating disease progression.

Objective: The current investigation aims to assess the effectiveness and practical worth of a combined treatment approach that incorporates sertraline and computer-assisted cognitive behavioral therapy (CCBT) for individuals experiencing depression subsequent to schizophrenia. Methods: The research methodology involved the selection of 68 participants who were diagnosed with post-schizophrenia depression and were receiving care at our institution between April 2023 and May 2024. These individuals were allocated into two distinct cohorts—the control group, consisting of 34 individuals, and the experimental group, also comprising 34 individuals—through the application of a random number generator. Both groups received antipsychotic medication plus sertraline, while the observation group additionally received CCBT. Clinical symptoms, cognitive function, self-care abilities, quality of life improvement, and adverse reaction rates were observed and compared between the two groups at specific time points. Results: At the 4th, 8th, and 12th weeks of treatment, the CDSS scores in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group, and the overall effective clinical treatment rate was also higher in the observation group (P<0.05). Comparing MCCB and ADL scores at the 4th, 8th, and 12th weeks, the observation group scored higher than the control group (P<0.05). Post-treatment comparisons of SF-36 scores showed the observation group to be superior (P<0.05). The overall incidence of adverse reactions was lower in the observation group than in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: In patients with post-schizophrenia depression, the combination of sertraline and CCBT can effectively improve symptom alleviation and overall treatment efficacy, enhance cognitive function and self-care abilities, and contribute to the betterment of patients' quality of life.

Depression is a chronic syndrome with a complex etiology, and heterogeneity of clinical manifestations in depressed patients suggests diversity in pathogenesis. In order to improve the quality of life of patients with different depression, it is urgent to explore the representative pathogenesis. Studies have found that peripheral circulating hormones can through the blood-brain barrier into the brain, and brain hippocampus tissue can also cholesterol as raw material independent synthesis sex hormone, into the brain peripheral circulating hormones and the brain synthesis of brain hormones together micro environment, the sex hormone of sex hormone microenvironment disorder is one of the important mechanisms of depression. Traditional Chinese medicine can improve the homeostasis of sex hormones and regulate the downstream signaling pathway by affecting the level of peripheral hormone, or regulating the key enzymes in the synthesis or decomposition of the brain signaling. However, the synthesis and catabolic capacity of incretion in the brain and the main pathways and key role targets in antidepressant TCM are unclear. Based on the “sex hormone-receptor-key enzyme” trinity of the sex hormone microenvironment homeostasis regulation is interpreted with multiple ways, targets, integrity characteristics of the combination of antidepressant mechanism of innovative research ideas, this paper will be the traditional Chinese medicine through regulating sex hormone microenvironment homeostasis treatment of depression research progress.

Inflammation is an innate defense response by which the body responds to external stimuli, maintaining internal homeostasis and protecting the central nervous system. However, excessive neuroinflammatory responses can induce neuronal degeneration and promote the development of neurological diseases. Numerous studies demonstrate that glial cells are critical in neuroinflammation through cellular phenotypic differentiation, inflammatory activation, cytokine release, and immune system regulation. This review examines the role of glial cells in neuroinflammation, analyzing inflammatory signaling pathways, key markers, and their relationships with central nervous system diseases, providing insights for potential therapeutic interventions targeting neuroinflammatory processes.

Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch is a traditional Chinese medicine with the functions of tonifying spleen and replenishing qi, expelling phlegm and relieving cough, clearing heat and detoxifying, and harmonizing other medicines. Its main active ingredient is Glycyrrhizic acid (GA), which is a triterpenoid saponin compound with antiviral, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, liver protection and various pharmacological activities. Glycyrrhizic acid has amphiphilic structure, which can spontaneously form micelles with core-shell structure. GA has the properties similar to surfactants and has good biological stability and solubility. With the progress of nanotechnology, it has become a research hotspot to modify glycyrrhizic acid with nanomaterials or self-assemble it into nanoparticles for the transport of various drugs to overcome the defects of low bioavailability and poor water solubility of drugs. This paper reviews the pharmacological activity and mechanism of glycyrrhizic acid and its application as a multifunctional drug carrier material, so as to provide reference for its further development, utilization and clinical research.

Osteoarthritis is a major disabling disease in clinical orthopedics. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common orthopedic disease characterized by degenerative changes in articular cartilage and increased friction in the joints, leading to joint pain, swelling and deformity. At this stage, studies have shown that a variety of cytokines that cause localized inflammation in the joints are released during the development of osteoarthritis, among which interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is one of the main factors that accelerate the development process of osteoarthritis. Currently, Western medicine has limited methods for treating osteoarthritis, whereas traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treats osteoarthritis with multi-targets, advantages such as good efficacy and few side effects. In this paper, we summarize the relationship between IL-1β and osteoarthritis, and review the modern research on the intervention of Chinese medicine in the treatment of osteoarthritis with IL-1β in the past five years, in order to lay an experimental foundation for the exploration of the pathological mechanism of osteoarthritis based on IL-1β, and provide a new method and research ideas for the prevention and treatment of osteoarthritis as well as the research and development of related drugs.

As endogenous nanovesicles, exosomes promote cellular communication and exchange by transporting intracellular proteins, nucleic acids and lipids, and are ideal drug delivery vehicles due to their good biocompatibility, high stability and specific targeting to tissues and cells. In addition, the application mechanism of exosomes in the diagnosis and treatment of neurological diseases, tumors, and cardiovascular diseases has also been thoroughly studied. In this paper, we reviewed the application of exosomes in targeted drug delivery and the mechanism study of exosomes in the treatment of diseases, aiming to provide theoretical guidance for future research and clinical application.