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26 June 2014, Volume 4 Issue 3 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Columns of research note and experimental methodology

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Application of Uniform Design-High Throughput Screening in Research of Vascular Endothelial Cells Protective Effect of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Hydrosoluble Constituents TIAN Hui, WANG Qian, MEI Yan-fei, ZHANG Dan-shen, XUE Gui-ping 2014, 4 (3):  1-10.  Abstract ( 1713 )   PDF (11668KB) ( 915 )   Objective: To evaluate the application of uniform design-high throughput screening technology in the study of the active ingredient of traditional Chinese medicine, vascular endothelial cells protective effect is detected by multifactorand multilevel and uniform design-high throughput screening method of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae hydrosoluble constituents. Methods: We performed uniform design compatibility study on seven Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae hydrosoluble constitutents, each of which at seven concentration levels (1×10-4～1×10-10mol·L-1) and their protective effect is assessed by the damage of vascular endothelial cells injured by H2O2 and serum deprivation. Results: After high-throughput screening and rescreening, the best  Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae hydrosoluble combination were obtained with A2 [cell survival ratio is (70±4)%] and B4 [cell survival ratio is (76±3)%]. Different combination samples were identified with different vascular endothelial cells model which was damaged by H2O2 and serum deprivation . Conclusion: Uniform design compatibility and the traditional Chinese medicine compound compatibility have similarities．Uniform design-high throughput screening technology is a reliable technology for massive potency screening of active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine and compounds. Related Articles | Metrics

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Protection of Astaxanthin on the Oxidative Damage of PC-12 cells Induced by Methamphetamine TIAN Xiang, RU Qin, CHEN Lin, XIONG Qi, YUE Kai, MA Bao-Miao, LI Chao-Ying 2014, 4 (3):  11-16.  Abstract ( 2314 )   PDF (4678KB) ( 974 )   Objective：To investigate the protective effect of astaxanthin against methamphetamine-induced oxidative damage in rat pheochromocytoma (PC-12) cells. Method: PC-12 cells were randomly divided into control group, methamphetamine group, low dose of astaxanthin (0.1 μmol•L-1)+methamphetamine group, middle dose of astaxanthin (1 μmol•L-1)+methamphetamine group and high dose of astaxanthin (10 μmol•L-1) + methamphetamine group. The protective effect of astaxanthin on the oxidative damage was observed by the cell survival rate, the activity of the superoxide dismutase (SOD), as well as the contents of glutathione (GSH) and malonidial aldehyde (MDA). Result: The results showed that astaxanthin enhanced the cell survival rate, significantly increased the activity of SOD and the content of GSH, and decreased the content of MDA. Conclusion: Astaxanthin has significant protective effect on the oxidative damage induced by methamphetamine in PC-12 cells, and the mechanism may be related to anti-oxidative function. Related Articles | Metrics

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Changes of neurological score, Infarct volume , content of neuron specific enolase in serum at different phases after focal cerebral ischemia in rats ZHENG Yan-ze, TIAN Cai-yun, ZHANG Hao-nan, HE Jing-bo, WU Hai-jun, QIN Jian-min, XU Ji-hui, YANG Yu-mei 2014, 4 (3):  17-21.  Abstract ( 2537 )   PDF (4721KB) ( 804 )   Objective: To examine the changes of the neurological score, the infarct volume , the content of neuron specific enolase (NSE) in serum at different phases in a rat model of the focal cerebral ischemia induced by the suture method. Methods: SD rats were randomly divided into: cerebral ischemia model group and sham operation group; each group of rats was randomly divided into ischemia 1h group, 6h group, 12h group, 24h group, 72h group and 120h group of 6 phase groups. A rat focal cerebral ischemia model using the suture method was established and  the changes of the neurological score, the infarct volume , the content of NSE in serum at different time phase after middle cerebral artery embolism (MCAO) of the rat were studied. Results: The sham operation group neural function score was 0, cerebral ischemia model 1h group, neural function score was significantly increased, with 24h group reaching the maxima and continuing to 120h. Sham operation group cerebral infarction index was 0, cerebral ischemia model 6h group, cerebral infarction index was significantly increased, with 24h group reaching the maxima. The 72h group was significantly reduced and 120h group was increased again. The content of NSE in serum in sham operation group was not significantly changed; cerebral ischemia model 1h group, the content of NSE in serum was significantly increased, 12h group reached the highest, 24h group was significantly reduced, and 120h group was significantly increased again. Conclusion: the neurological score, the infarct volume , the content of NSE in serum were significantly increased after cerebral ischemia. with varying phase changes. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Glial Cells Protect Neurons against Oxidative Stress in Huntington’s Disease GAO Yan, CHU Shi-feng, CHEN Nai-hong 2014, 4 (3):  22-30.  Abstract ( 2706 )   PDF (9525KB) ( 727 )   Oxidative stress refers to elevated intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which cause damage to lipids, proteins and DNA. Changes in these macromolecules are involved in myriad pathological changes and progression of diseases, especially neurodegenerative diseases (NDD). NDD are usually featured by progressive neuron loss, accompanied with inclusions in neurons or glial cells. In NDD, glial cells may play a vital role in the functioning of neurons and cellular survival through an antioxidant way. Conversely, neurons could modulate the activities of glia in different ways. In this review, the main purposes were to summarize the characteristics and functions of glial cells in Huntington’s disease (HD). The connection between oxidative stress and HD, and state the cross talk between these interactive elements were also discussed. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Protective Effects and Mechanisms of Breviscapine on the Nervous System YAN Juan，ZHENG Mao-Dong 2014, 4 (3):  31-38.  Abstract ( 3585 )   PDF (7584KB) ( 868 )   Breviscapine is an active component of the herbal medicine (Radix et Herba Erigeri Breviscapi). It has been proved that breviscapine has neuroprotective effects on injured brain in many studies. Its mechanisms are involved in improving energy metabolism, scavenging free radical, restraining Ca2+ overload, excitatory amino acid virulence, and inflammatory response, regulating the produce of vasoactive substance and inhibiting neuronal apoptosis. It is a potential compound with a broad clinical application. This paper mainly discussed the protective effects and mechanisms of breviscapine on the nervous system. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Review of the Effect of Chinese Traditional Medicine on Mechanism of Cerebral Ischemia Reperfusion Injury WANG Shu-lin, AN Fang 2014, 4 (3):  39-48.  Abstract ( 2719 )   PDF (10451KB) ( 864 )   Recent years, the protection of Chinese traditional medicine on Cerebral Ischemia Reperfusion Injury has become the research hotspot. The paper classified Chinese traditional medicine into single herbs and extracts, Chinese traditional medicine and Chinese medicine injection, and summarized the protection mechanism of different Chinese traditional medicine on damage mechanism of Cerebral Ischemia Reperfusion Injury. The interference effects of Chinese traditional medicine on Cerebral Ischemia Reperfusion Injury have multi-level, multi-targeted and multi-link. The article, in several ways including metabolic disorder of energy, mitochondria damage, free radical injury, toxic effect of excitatory amino acid, inflammatory injury and disruption of the blood-brain barrier, summarized the research development and indicated the prospect of Chinese traditional medicine. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on the Role of Hydrogen Sulfide in the Central Nervous System LI Guo-feng, LUO Hai-kun, ZHANG Jian-xin 2014, 4 (3):  49-56.  Abstract ( 3053 )   PDF (8481KB) ( 756 )   Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is the third gas signal molecule followed by nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO), which is produced by special enzyme catalysis in the body  and has specific metabolic process. It plays an important role in the central nervous system. It participates in many nervous functions such as long-term potentiation of hippocampus and the role of the glial cell activity. It impacts the hypothalamus - pituitary - adrenal axis, participates in the regulation of neuronal oxidative stress reaction and cerebrovascular function in the physiologicalstate. It is also involved in a variety of central nervous system diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, head-induced seizure, Down syndrome, and the pathophysiological processes of cerebral ischemia and cerebral ischemia reperfusion. In this paper, we reviewed the research progress of H2S in the central nervous system. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Osthole on the Nervous System and its Pharmacokinetics MEI Yan-fei, ZHANG Li 2014, 4 (3):  57-64.  Abstract ( 2545 )   PDF (8090KB) ( 801 )   Osthole is one of the mainly active ingredients from Cnidium monnieri （L.）Cuss., and has various pharmacological effects. Effects of osthole on the nervous system has been the research hotspot of scholars at home and abroad. It has significant influence on improving learning and memory, anti-aging, anti-cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury and the treatment of central nervous system degenerative disease, and the mechanism may be related to its oxidation resistance and inhibiting inflammatory reaction. The pharmacokinetics and the effects and mechanisms of osthole on the nervous system was summarized. References | Related Articles | Metrics