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26 October 2017, Volume 7 Issue 5 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Astragaloside IV Protect PC12 Cells under Stress Induced by Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation Involving PI3K/Akt/Bcl-2 Pathway ZHNAG Jia-lin，LI Yuan-yuan，YANG Wen-liang，LIU Fu-jia，TIAN Zi-xia，XIE Xin-mei，PANG Xiao-bin 2017, 7 (5):  1-9.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1396.2017.05.001 Abstract ( 607 )   PDF (3331KB) ( 280 )   Objective：To investigate the protective effect of astragaloside IV （AS-IV） on oxygen and glucose deprivation/reoxygenation of PC12 cells and the mechanism of PI3K/Akt/Bcl-2 signaling pathway. PC12 cells were cultured in vitro and nimodipine was used as a positive control. Pretreatment was carried out with different concentrations of AS-IV（1.00、0.10、0.01 μmol·L-1）. Methods：The oxygen-glucose deprivasion/reperfution （OGD/R） model was made. CCK-8 assay was used to detect the viability of PC12 cells. LDH kit was used to measure the leakage of lactate dehydrogenase. Hoechst 33342/PI staining was used to detect the apoptosis and necrosis. The expression of Akt，p-Akt，Bcl-2，Bax，and Caspase-3 were detected by western blot. Results：The results showed that AS-IV can increase the cell viability of OGD/R in PC12 cells and decreasethe leakage rate of LDH and apoptosis. The expression of p-Akt/Akt and Bcl-2 protein were up-regulated and the expression of pro-apoptotic protein Bax and Caspase-3 were down-regulated in a dose-dependent manner. PI3K/Akt signaling pathway inhibitor LY2940002 inhibits the effects of AS-IV on apoptosis-related proteins in OGD/R injury of PC12 cells. Conclusion：AS-IV has protective effect on PC12 cells injured by OGD/R，and the protective mechanism is related to PI3K/Akt/Bcl-2 signaling pathway. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Effect of Scutellaria Barbata Flavonoid Against N2a Cells Injury Induced by Aβ25-35 CAI Hong-ling，CHENG Jian-jun，PAN Qi，MIAO Hong，SHANG Ya-zhen 2017, 7 (5):  9.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1396.2017.05.002 Abstract ( 159 )   PDF (1946KB) ( 451 )   Objective：To investigate the effect of scutellaria barbata fl avonoid against N2a cells injury induced by β-amyloid protein 25-35 （Aβ25-35）. Methods：N2a cells were cultured in vitro and randomly divided into control group，model group，scutellaria barbata flavonoid （SBF）1.125 μg·mL-1，2.250 μg·mL-1 and 4.500 μg·mL-1 group. After the N2a cells of three doses of group were treated by 1.125 μg·mL-1，2.250 μg·mL-1 and 4.500 μg·mL-1 SBF for 12 h，the model and SBF group cells were exposed to Aβ25-35 at the end concentration of 35 μmol·L-1. The morphology of N2a cells was observed and photographed under an inverted microscope. The level of lactate dehydrogenase （LDH） in the culture medium was measured by spectrophotography. The cell viability was determined by thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide （MTT）. Results：Compared with control group，the N2a cells were found markedly injured in morphology and structure， including the damage of the link between cells and cells，some sells agglomeration and refractive index decrease，the level of LDH in the culture medium of N2a cells significantly increased （P<0.01） and the N2a cell viability obviously reduced （P<0.01） in model group. Compared with the model group，three dose of SBF could dramatically oppose the cells injured in morphology， including the cells neurite growth，cell structure clearness and refractive index increase，lower the level of LDH of the cells’ culture medium （P<0.05） and add the cell viability （P<0.01）. Conclusion：SBF can significantly oppose the injury of N2a cells induced by Aβ25-35. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Establishment and Evaluation of Animal Models of Neuropathic Pain WU Ya-ru，CHANG Ke-xin，JIA Qing-zhong 2017, 7 (5):  15.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1396.2017.05.003 Abstract ( 216 )   PDF (948KB) ( 491 )   Neuropathic pain can be defined as “pain arising as a direct consequence of a lesion or disease affecting the somato-sensory system”. This article reviews animal models of neuropathic pain induced by peripheral nerve injury，herpes zoster，diabetes and cancer and its evaluation methods. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation and Characterization of Osthole Liposomes ZHAO Kai-yan1，ZHANG Dan-shen1，SU Xiao-mei1，ZHANG Hai-wei2，HOU Wen-shu2 2017, 7 (5):  21.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1396.2017.05.004 Abstract ( 143 )   PDF (1581KB) ( 179 )   Objective：To research the preparation methods，prescriptions and preparation properties of osthole loaded liposomes，and the lyophilized liposomes was prepared to improve the stability of the preparation. Methods：Encapsulation efficiency was taken as index to screen  the preparation of liposomes；the formulation was optimized by single factor prescription analysis and orthogonal test. The encapsulation efficiency，particle size and potential of the osthole liposomes were measured，and the morphology under transmission electron microscope was observed；mannitol was selected as a freeze-drying agent，we explored the effect of its addition on the encapsulation efficiency of lyophilized liposomes. Results：The liposomes were prepared by ethanol injection method. The optimal formulations were EPC 4 mg·mL-1，CHOL 5 mg，Ost 2 mg，and at 50℃ reactive temperature. The encapsulation efficiency of liposome was （83.09±0.56） %，the particle size was（ 101.9±2.7） nm，and the potential was（ -15.3±2.3） mV. When the amount of mannitol was 8%，the lyophilized liposomes had better morphology and less leakage.Conclusion：Liposome which has high entrapment efficiency and well-distributed particle size was prepared by ethanol injection. After preparation of lyophilized liposomes，the stability of liposomes was improved. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Role of Gut Flora in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease LIU Nuo，WANG Zhen-zhen，CHEN Nai-hong 2017, 7 (5):  28.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1396.2017.05.005 Abstract ( 154 )   PDF (950KB) ( 174 )   Along with aggravation of aging of population，the incidence of Alzheimer’s disease is getting higher and higher. However，etiological treatment of this disease is still unsatisfying. In recent years，the role of gut flora in the pathogenesis of AD has received more and more attention. Types and ratios of gut flora change along with the growth of the age，and the variety of quantities of metabolites makes a difference in the cognitive behavior. Besides，gut flora interacts with gut-brain axis. Nowadays，we have confirmed the role of gut flora in mechanisms of the pathogenesis of AD，including amyloidosis，hyperphosphorylation of tau protein，neuro-inflammation，oxidative stress damage，increase of the permeability of the bloodbrain barrier neurotransmitter imbalance and insulin resistance. In the future，specific regulation of pathogenesis-related gut bacteria will be an important research area. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Antithrombotic Mechanism Based on Platelet Pathway WANG Bao-lei，WANG Jia，GUO Chun-yan 2017, 7 (5):  34-38.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1396.2017.05.006 Abstract ( 196 )   PDF (939KB) ( 232 )   Blood embolism is an important pathological process of cardiovascular disease. Thrombosis is closely related to platelet activation，and platelets play an important role in hemostasis and arterial thrombosis. The common platelet activation pathways to induce platelet aggregation include adenosine diphosphate pathway，peanut tetralic acid pathway，thrombin pathway，collagen pathway and platelet activation factor pathway. This article reviews the platelet activation mechanisms，activation pathway therapy drugs and new target antiplatelet drugs to provide some reference for the study and treatment of blood embolism. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A New Idea of Astragaloside-Induced Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease GAO Zhi-hong1，ZUO Ya-qi2，ZHANG Xiao-li1 2017, 7 (5):  39-44.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1396.2017.05.007 Abstract ( 167 )   PDF (931KB) ( 167 )   Parkinson’s disease （PD） is a kind of neurodegenerative diseases of the central nervous system in which substantia nigra neurons are damaged and necrotic. At present，PD is mainly treated with drugs which affect the key molecular in the pathogenesis of PD or signaling pathway to alleviate the disease，however，denatured neuron could not be completely repaired. In recent years，cell therapy technology has gradually infiltrated into clinical trials and became a social focus. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells（BMSCs），a kind of adult pluripotent stem cells，have self-proliferation and multi-directional differentiation capabilities and are applied to explore more effective strategies for PD treatment. Astragaloside IV，a characteristic component of traditional Chinese medicine Astragalus，possesses anti-inflammatory，anti-oxidative and antiapoptotic activities. What’s more，Astragaloside IV has a protective effect on neural stem cells，and the study demonstrated that Astragaloside IV plays a neuroprotective role in PD model. This article reviewed the research progress of BMSCs and Astragaloside IV in the treatment of PD. A new idea that Astragaloside IV induced BMSCs to treat PD is proposed based on above of conclusions. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of Curcumin in the Treatment of Nervous System Diseases REN Jing，ZHANG Dan-shen 2017, 7 (5):  45-51.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1396.2017.05.008 Abstract ( 189 )   PDF (971KB) ( 251 )   Curcumin is a natural yellow small-molecular plant acid polyphenol extracted from the roots of the genus curcuma turmeric，curcuma，and turmeric. It is the main active ingredient of traditional chinese medicine turmeric. Curcumin has anti-oxidant，antiinflammatory， neuroprotective effects and pharmacological effects such as regulation of neurotransmitters and intracellular signaling pathways. It also enhances neuroplasticity and increases nerve regeneration. These pharmacological effects make curcumin play an important role in neurodegenerative diseases and emotions. It may be used as a drug for the control and treatment of central nervous system diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease，Parkinson’s disease，depression，cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in future； curcumin also inhibits tumor cells. Proliferation and clinical use can also be used for the treatment and prevention of glioma. Curcumin has high efficacy and safety，and has little side effects. However，curcumin is difficult to dissolve in water，and low bioavailability limits the development prospect of curcumin in clinical use. It can be compensated by changing the administration mode and dosage form of curcumin. Currently，curcumin can prepare lipids. Dosages such as body，nanoparticle，microspheres，micelles，and microemulsions are administered in different ways to improve their hydrophilicity and improve bioavailability. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of the ATP Sensitive Potassium Channels in Neurodegenerative Diseases BIAN Fang1，HOU Yan-ning2 2017, 7 (5):  52-58.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1396.2017.05.009 Abstract ( 172 )   PDF (996KB) ( 242 )   The ATP-sensitive potassium channel （KATP） is named because its channel activity is affected by ATP/ADP. KATP is a special channel that couples cell electrical activity and cell metabolism. Under normal conditions，channel function plays an important role in maintaining mitochondrial membrane potential and inhibiting cell apoptosis. KATP is widely found in islets，myocardium，skeletal muscle，vascular smooth muscle，and nerve cells. In recent years，studies have found that KATP is involved in the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases. This article reviews the research progress of ATP-sensitive potassium channels in neurodegenerative diseases. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Therapeutic Target of Effective Ingredients of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Treating Alzheimer’s Disease HOU Wen-shu，ZHANG Li 2017, 7 (5):  59-64.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1396.2017.05.010 Abstract ( 188 )   PDF (960KB) ( 282 )   With the aging of the population is increasingly prominent，some age-related neurodegenerative diseases are becoming more common，such as Alzheimer’s disease，Parkinson’s disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis，etc.，which infl uence a large amount of people. Moreover Alzheimer’s disease has become a hot issue in medical circles，most of the synthetic drugs genetated conspicuous toxic side effects and adverse reaction in the treatment of this kind of disease，moreover in recent years，the active components of traditional chinese medicine have made great progress in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease and new therapeutic targets are found at genetic sites，receptors，enzymes，ion channels，nucleic acids，etc.，so that the treatment of the disease is more targeted. Through the analysis and summary of the new target，we can make the effective components of traditional chinese medicine play a greater medicinal value in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.   References | Related Articles | Metrics