Vascular cognitive impairment （VCI） is a cognitive spectrum disease，caused by risk factors of cerebrovascular diseases （hypertension，diabetes，hyperlipidemia），and obvious cerebrovascular diseases （such as cerebral infarction，cerebral hemorrhage） or less obvious cerebrovascular diseases （such as loose white matter，chronic cerebral ischemia）. It encompasses the full range of cognitive defcits from mild cognitive impairment to dementia. Since clinical signs and symptoms are often neither sufficient to allow for a final diagnosis，nor differentiate among the various etiologies，however neuroimaging can display the visualization of ischemic and hemorrhagic injury of gray and white matter，which not only plays an important role in the diagnosis of patients with impaired cognition，but also explore the pathophysiology of VCI. This review summarizes the application of neuroimaging methods in VCI diagnosis nowdays，including computed tomography （CT），high resolution magnetic resonance imaging（HRMRI），diffusion tensor imaging （DTI），magnetic resonance imaging spectroscopy （MRS），and dynamic contrastenhanced MRI （DCEMRI） and blood oxygen level dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging （BOLD-fMRI）.
