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26 August 2016, Volume 6 Issue 4 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Protective Effects of Orientin and Vitexin on H2O2 -Induced Oxidative Stress in Human Erythrocytes WANG Xiao-ru，DU Yun-guang，WANG Shu-hua，AN Fang 2016, 6 (4):  1-12.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1396.2016.04.001 Abstract ( 976 )   PDF (10961KB) ( 282 )   Objective：This study investigated the protective effects of orientin and vitexin on hydrogen peroxide （H 2 O 2 ）-induced oxidative stress in human erythrocytes and structure-activity relationship. Methods：Oxidative stress model induced by H 2 O 2  was established in this study. The experiment was randomly divided into normal group，H 2 O 2 group （oxidative stress group），20 μg·mL -1 of VC group as a positive control，10，20 and 40 μg·mL -1 of Orientin groups and Vitexin groups，respectively. Erythrocyte suspension was incubated with different concentrations of orientin and vitexin，and then 1，1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl （DPPH） radical-scavenging ability，hemolysis rate，reactive oxygen species （ROS），antioxidant and ATP enzymes，malonaldehyde （MDA），methemoglobin （MetHb） and sulfhydryl （-SH） content were evaluated by different methods. Erythrocyte morphology was also observed with scanning electron microscope. Results：Erythrocytes pre-treated orientin or vitexin had certain DPPH-radical clearance ability，lowered hemolysis rates，reduced the content of ROS，MDA，MetHb protected antioxidative enzymes and ATPs activities and increased thiol group content in a dose-dependent manner （P<0.05）. Moreover，orientin and vitexin recovered cell surface morphogy. Comparative results showed the bio-activity of orientin was same as vitexin when the concentration was 40 μg·mL -1 for both，which was equivalent to VC at 20 μg·mL -1 . But orientin showed better biological activity than vitexin at the concentrations of 10 and 20 μg·mL -1 . Conclusion：Orientin and vitexin are able to protect human erythrocytes from oxidative stress through scavenging oxygen free radicals，inhibiting the perioxidation of lipids，protecting anti-oxidative and ATP enzymes activities and increasing-SH content. Moreover，the protective effects of orientin showed better biological activity than vitexin. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of FK506 and FK1706 on Immunosuppression and Axonal Regeneration in Vitro: a Comparative Study ZHENG Yi-xin, XU Jie 2016, 6 (4):  13-18.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1396.2016.04.002 Abstract ( 545 )   Objective：To test the different effects of FK506 and FK1706 on immunosu-ppression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and nerve regeneration in SH-SY5Y，to make sureFK1706 decrease immunosuppression while promoting nerve regeneration. Methods：Different doses of FK506 and FK1706 intervention in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were divided into nine groups：control group，different dose of FK506 group （0.1，1.0，10.0，100.0 nmol ·L -1 ），different doses of FK1706 group （0.1，1.0，10.0，100.0 nmol·L -1 ） and cell proliferation were evaluated by MTT while IL-2 levels in PBMC were evaluated by ELISA. Different dose of FK506 and FK1706 intervention SH-SH5Y cells，divided into nine groups：sham group，different concentrations of FK506 group （0.1，1.0，10.0，100.0 nmol·L -1 ），different concentrations of FK1706 group （0.1，1.0，10.0，100.0 nmol·L -1 ）. The number of cells，changes in synaptic cell body diameter and the axonal length were observed by the inverted microscope. Results：FK506 at the dose of 10.0 nmol·L -1 and 100.0 nmol·L -1  induced cell death in PBMCs. The dose of 0.1 nmol·L -1 and 1.0 nmol·L -1 reduced the cell proliferation and IL-2 secretion in concentration-and time-dependent manners （P<0.05）. FK1706 induced the decrease of PBMC proliferation and IL-2 secretion. Compared to the control group，0.1 nmol·L -1 was not statistically significant，1.0 nmol·L -1 ，10.0 nmol·L -1 ，100.0 nmol·L -1 showed after the increase of concentration and the prolongation of the action time，the inhibitory effects of FK1706 on the cell proliferation and IL-2 secretion were signifi cantly enhanced （P<0.05），but the immunosuppression compared to the same dose of FK506 was signifi cantly attenuated （P<0.05）. Compare to the sham group，both FK506 and FK1706 could effectively promote neurite outgrowth in SH-SY5Y cells （P<0.05），there was no signifi cant difference between the two drugs （P>0.05）. Conclusion：FK1706 decrease immunosuppression while promote nerve regeneration，which may be a benefi cial strategy for nerve injury. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Animal Models of Depression Based on Clinical Symptoms CAO Li-hua，BAI Ming，FANG Xiao-yan，WANG Can，MIAO Ming-san 2016, 6 (4):  19-23.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1396.2016.04.003 Abstract ( 582 )   PDF (5123KB) ( 276 )   Objective：To analyze the characteristics of the existing animal models and the accordance with the clinical symptoms based on the clinical symptoms of Chinese and Western medicine in depression. Methods：Through combing the related literatures at home and abroad in recent years，we compared and analyzed the characteristics of depression，clinical symptoms and the more modern depression model. Results：The detection of symptoms，most of the existing concept of animal models of depression observed the biochemical indicators and clinical symptoms，the main index of agreement is relatively high，a few animal models are consistent with clinical symptoms is relatively low. Conclusion：The animal models of depression should be improved according to the characteristics of clinical diseases，which will be closer to the characteristics of human diseases in the etiology，pathogenesis and disease characteristics，and provide more reliable experimental support for the clinical. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Pharmacological Action and Dosage Form of Tanshinone II A on Cardiovascular System HOU Wen-shu，ZHANG Li 2016, 6 (4):  24-30.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1396.2016.04.004 Abstract ( 661 )   PDF (7527KB) ( 285 )   Tanshinone Ⅱ A is not only a kind of important fat-soluble extract which comes from Labiatae Salvia miltiorrhiza but also a kind of the most effective pharmacological active ingredients. So many experiments and clinical studies have shown that tanshinone Ⅱ A can prevent or attenuate the progress of multiple diseases including cardiovascular disease，cancer，neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy，liver fibrosis and neurodegenerative disease. With aging of population’s development，cardiovascular disease has become a common disease which threatens human health ranking fi rst of all causes of death. Tanshinone Ⅱ A has the effects of anti-atherosclerosis，anti-myocardial ischemia，anti-arrhythmic，repair of vascular endothelial cells and improvement of coronary blood circulation in cardiovascular system，however，tanshinone Ⅱ A is a fat-soluble component with the disadvantages of poor oral absorption and low bioavailability. Therefore，in order to improve the present situation of tanshinone Ⅱ A ，new dosage forms of tanshinone Ⅱ A should be prepared，such as injectable microemulsions，micro pill，solid dispersions，liposomes，nanoparticles，etc. Therefore，this article summarizes the domestic and international research situation. The results showed the development of new dosage forms made tanshinone Ⅱ A play a greater medical value in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases，providing theoretical guidance for further research. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Relationship between Cytokines and Depression ZHANG Xiao-ling，WANG Zhen-zhen，WEN Lu，SHAO Qian-hang，CHEN Nai-hong 2016, 6 (4):  31-36.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1396.2016.04.005 Abstract ( 597 )   PDF (6463KB) ( 229 )   Depression is one of the most prevalent psychiatric diseases characterized by a state of low mood，cognitive disorders. Increasing studies have showed that chronic stress activates peripheral and central immune systems accompanied with the release of cytokines（including proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines），which play a significant role in the pathogenesis of depression. The objective of this review is to discuss the underlying mechanisms between cytokines （including proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines） and depressive disorders. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A Review on Neuroprotection of Bioactive Polysaccharides SU Lei，JING Yong-shuai，ZHANG Dan-shen 2016, 6 (4):  37-41.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1396.2016.04.006 Abstract ( 665 )   PDF (4975KB) ( 263 )   Polysaccharides are important constructive substances in life，and have many biological actions. In recent years，the neuroprotective effects of polysaccharides have been extensively reported. In this paper，the neuroprotective effects of polysaccharides and related mechanisms of anti-oxidation，anti-inflammation，neuronal proliferation and differentiation，and apoptosis inhibition have been summarized and discussed. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances on Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Effects of Taohongsiwu Decoction LI Shuang-shuang，GUO Chun-yan 2016, 6 (4):  42-49.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1396.2016.04.007 Abstract ( 701 )   PDF (8424KB) ( 225 )   Taohongsiwu Decoction（THSWD），the representative prescription of nourishing blood，promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis，is widely used in clinic，and commonly used in many kinds of diseases caused by blood stasis. At present，Taohongsiwu Decoction is found to exert multiple pharmacological effects，including promoting blood circulation removing，blood stasis，regulating menstruation，promoting fracture healing，anti-inflammatory，improving immunity，and so on. In recent years，some studies have been carried out on other effects，such as anti fatigue，hypoxia tolerance，trace elements supplement，antioxidant damage and neuroprotection. The pharmacological effects of Taohongsiwu Decoction depend on its chemical compositions which mainly contain ligustilide，ferulic acid，chlorogenic acid，caffeic acid，gallic acid，paeoniflorin，catalpol，amygdalin，hydroxysafflor yellow A，angelica polysaccharide and rehmannia polysaccharide，etc. In order to further study of Taohongsiwu Decoction，its chemical constituents and pharmacological effects are reviewed in this report. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Molecular Structure，Cytotoxicity and Inhibitive Factors of Human Amylin ZHANG Nan，XING Yuan，ZHANG Wei 2016, 6 (4):  50-64.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1396.2016.04.008 Abstract ( 546 )   PDF (17942KB) ( 230 )   Human amylin （hAmylin） is the major component of amyloid deposits in the pancreatic islets of patients with diabetes mellitus 2 （DM2）. Physiologically，mature hAmylin，a 37 amino acid peptide，is co-produced and co-secreted with insulin in a ratio of 1∶100 in islet β-cells. hAmylin is released in response to the stimuli that lead to insulin secretion. The monomeric hAmylin is an unstable and unfolded peptide which tends to accumulate and form oligomer or fibril. The unstable state of hAmylin monomer is closely related to hAmylin cytotoxicity. Accumulating evidences suggest that hAmylin amyloid accumulation that accompany DM2 is not just an insignificant phenomenon derived from the disease progression but that hAmylin aggregation induces processes that impair the functionality and the viability of β-cells. In this review，we particularly focus on hAmylin structure，hIAPP aggregation and hAmylin-membrane interactions. We will discuss recent findings on the mechanism of hAmylin-membrane damage and hIAPP-induced cell death. Finally，the development of successful anti-amyloidogenic agents that prevent hAmylin fibril formation have been discussed. References | Related Articles | Metrics