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26 April 2012, Volume 2 Issue 2 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Protective Effects of Dendrobium Polysaccharides on Learning and Memory Deficits in Aging Mice Induced by D-galactose WANG Ling-yi, HUANG Bin, YU Li-mei, WU Qin, ZHANG Feng, SHI Jing-shan 2012, 2 (2):  1-6.  Abstract ( 2996 )   PDF (1279KB) ( 2169 )   Objective: To investigate the effects of Dendrobium polysaccharides on D-galactose-induced learning and memory deficits in aging mice. Methods: Adult mice were given subcutaneous injection of D-galactose (120mg·kg-1) daily for 60 d to produce aging-related syndrome, such as learning and memory deficits and alterations in tissue redox status. Dendrobium polysaccharides (80, 160 and 320 mg·kg-1) were administrated by gavage daily for 60 d. Results:Dendrobium polysaccharides significantly ameliorated D-galactose-induced cognitive deficits, as evidenced by the significant performance improvement in the Morris water maze, step-down and step-through tests. Dendrobium polysaccharides also prevented the elevation of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the brain and plasma and restored the antioxidant enzyme activities to normal levels, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and Na+-K+-ATPase. Conclusions: Dendrobium polysaccharides is effective against D-galactose-induced aging and this effect appears to be due, at least in part, to its antioxidant activities. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Protective Effects of Gallic Acid Against Hydrogen Peroxide-induced Oxidative Damage in SH-SY5Y Cells GUO Chun-yan1, ZHANG Dan-shen2 2012, 2 (2):  7-14.  Abstract ( 4066 )   PDF (4388KB) ( 2771 )   Objective：This study examined the neuroprotective effects of GA on SH-SY5Y cells injured by H2O2 and the molecular mechanisms underlying these neuroprotective effects. Method:CCK-8 assay was performed to determine the non-toxic dose range of gallic acid in SH SY5Y cells. Cultured human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells were subjected to oxidative damage with H2O2 in the presence and absence of non-toxic doses of GA. The growth of the cells was analyzed by plotting the cell growth curves and by CCK-8 assay. The cell morphological changes were observed by inverted optical microscope. Typical morphological features of apoptotic cells were detected using Hoechst 33258 staining. FCM was used to analyze cell cycle alteration using propidium iodide staining; the release rate of LDH was determined by diaphorase-INT reaction. ROS production was determined by DCFH-DAfluorescence. 8-OHdG production was determined by ELISA. Caspase-3 activity was determined by its capacity to catalyze the substrate Ac-DEVD-pNA. Results: H2O2 treatment produced dose-dependent and time-dependent cytotoxicity compared with that of the normal control. 200 μmol•L-1 H2O2 exposure for 24 h decreased the   cell viability to 65% of control (P<0.01), the typical changes of cell apoptosis were seen, proliferation index was significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the apoptosis index was significantly increased(P<0.01). In addition, H2O2 significantly increased  the LDH release and the level of intracellular ROS. H2O2-induced oxidative stress also increased the caspase-3 activity (P<0.01). GA (5～25 µmol•L-1) significantly and dose-dependently ameliorated the abovementioned cellular and biochemical changes  (P<0.05).Conclusion: Our study revealed that GA has neuroprotective effects against H2O2-induced oxidative damage，and the potential mechanisms could involve eliminating ROS, attenuating DNA oxidative damage and inhibiting mitochondria mediated apoptosis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Osthole in Two Mouse Models of Dementia LI Wei，ZHANG Li，DONG Xiao-hua，ZHENG Li-qing，HOU Yong，XUE Gui-ping 2012, 2 (2):  15-20.  Abstract ( 2992 )   PDF (1265KB) ( 2163 )   Objective：To examine the protective effect and the potential mechanism of osthole（Ost） on the behavioral disorders in presenile and vascular dementia model mice. Methods：Icv injection of β-amyloid peptide (Aβ25-35 ) 3 μL (1.0 mmol·L-1, icv) was used as a presenile dementia animal model. Temporary making obstructing-reperfusion bilateral common carotid arteries obstruction was used as a repeated cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model.  Mice were treated with osthole (15,7.5 mg·kg-1, ip) for 10 days and the spatial learning and memory as long as the spatial exploration abilities were assessed via Morris water maze test and exploratory movement test, respectively. The levels of Nitric oxide (NO) and Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) were also measured. Results：Osthole significantly improved the behavioral deficits in both dementia models (P<0.01 or P<0.05). Osthole (15,7.5 mg·kg-1) also decreased the level of NO and NOS in the mice brain (P<0.01). Conclusion：Osthole can improve the spatial learning and memory and spatial exploration abilities in two mice models of dementia,  which is related to decreasing NO and NOS levels. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Experimental Study of Susceptibility Weighted Imaging and Diffusion Weighted Imaging in the Blast Injury to the Rabbits Brain at 3.0T MRI WU Peng, LU Guo-shi, HAN Feng, XU Ke-ning, WANG Hai-chen 2012, 2 (2):  21-28.  Abstract ( 2091 )   PDF (5542KB) ( 2552 )   Objective：To establish a reliable model of craniocerebral injury by shock wave for experimental study. The goal was to assess the diagnostic and the prognosis value of Susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) and Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI) to prophase bleeding lesion and no bleeding lesion injury. Methods: Thirty rabbits underwent blast injury and then routine CT、MRI ,SWI,DWI scanning were conducted. Functo2 technology was used to conduct quantitative analysis of region of interest. Pathological examination was followed to compare against the SWI，DWI imaging data. Results: CT，T1WI and T2WI showed no abnormality on the encephalon in 6 of the 30 rabbits. SWI imaging identified signal hypointensity at punctiform (319/42.7%), small lamellar(124/16.6%), plaque（61/8.1%）, lamellar (35/4.7%) and linar (208/27.8%). DWI imaging showed hypointensity at small lamellar（54/28.6%），plaque（102/54.0%） and lamellar (33/17.5%), and detected more bleeding lesions than others subsequences(χ2= 10.00, P＜0.01). DWI imaging detected more no-hemorrhagic focus than routine T1WI and T2WI (χ2= 10.01, P<0.01). There was a linear correlation between dispersion coefficient (ADC) value decrease and the survival time of the rabbits（r=0.53，p=0.05）.Conclusion: SWI can detect more delitescent prophase bleeding, DWI imaging can significantly improve the detection for no bleeding lesions especially small lamellar no bleeding lesions. The ADC values. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Production Skills of Intracerebral Hemorrhage Model in Rats YANG Ya-ping, Liu Xiao-peng, TAI Li-wen 2012, 2 (2):  29-31.  Abstract ( 2526 )   PDF (1927KB) ( 2387 )   Objective: To explore the production skills of intracerebral hemorrhage model in rats. Methods: The intracerebral hemorrhage model was formed by stereotacied infusing autologous caudate artery blood. Learn to observe the stability of the modle through their actions. Results: The success rate of product intracerebral hemorrhage modle is 85%. Conclusion: The method can be used to make the animal model of cerebral hemorrhage. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Pharmacotherapies for Spinal Cord Injury: Current Status XIAO Han-ping1, WANG Shuo-yu2, LI Hua-nan2, ZHANG Shui-yin1, GU Bing1 2012, 2 (2):  32-36.  Abstract ( 2949 )   PDF (1071KB) ( 2085 )   Spinal cord injury can lead to motor and sensory dysfunction and produces a variety of complications in patients. Although many drugs show potential for spinal cord protection in preclinical studies, few have advanced to clinical use. This paper reviewed the neuroprotective effects of drugs that currently have entered clinical trials for spinal cord injury. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Central Rennin-angiotensin System and Alzheimer's Disease WANG Chao，XIANG Guo-qing，HONG Hao 2012, 2 (2):  37-41.  Abstract ( 2951 )   PDF (1070KB) ( 2269 )   Alzheimer's disease (AD) is not only a global major public health issue of common concern, but also an increasingly serious social problem. Developing novel prevention or treatment targets and drugs of AD is an arduous task that remains to be overcome. More and more studies show that central rennin-angiotensin system (CRAS) is closely associated with AD. Based on related literatures, we reviewed the roles of Ang II and its receptors (AT1R and AT2R), Ang Ⅳ and its receptor (AT4R) as well as ACE in AD, and revealed potential targets, and indicated new directions to developing drugs for AD. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Reseach Progress in the Mechanism of Osthole in Protecting Brain Ischemia ZHANG Wei, HAN Ning, HU Jinfeng, CHEN Nai-hong 2012, 2 (2):  42-47.  Abstract ( 2911 )   PDF (1088KB) ( 2240 )    In this paper, the publications of osthole in protecting brain ischemia were retrieved and summarized. Our analysis found that osthole not only can decrease the cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury by inhibiting the inflammation reaction and lowering cerebral edema, but also can increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the ischemic tissue of the brain, scavenge oxygen free radicals and reduce  ischemia reperfusion injury caused by free radicals. Furthermore, osthole also exhibited a good anticoagulant effect. So the possible mechanisms of the protective role of osthole were reviewed from anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation, anti- coagulantion, anti-apoptosis and other aspects, in order to provide support for the further pharmacological studies of osthole in brain cerebral ischemia. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Neural Stem Cells with It’s Pharmacology LI Xin, HUO Yu-shu 2012, 2 (2):  48-57.  Abstract ( 3003 )   PDF (1583KB) ( 3290 )   Neural stem cells (NSCs) are highly capable of self-renewal, they are the precursor cells for differentiation into neurons and gliocyte. Researches on the mechanisms of NSCs proliferation and differentiation are of great significant for the treatment of degenerative diseases of the nervous system and functional restoration. Research has shown that NSCs have therapeutic effects that include stem cell homing, planting and activation of endogenous NSCs, more importantly, neural stem cells also have the pharmacological effect with neurocyte growth regulatory factors (NGRFs) secretion. In-depth study of these NGRFs will not only has great importance for the nerve cells’ regeneration and functional reconstruction, but also provides guiding significance for the pharmacological mechanism of macromolecular in new drug development. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A Review on the Neuroprotective Effects of Curcumin ZHAO Li-yan1，YU Xiu-juan1，HAN Tian-yun2，ZHANG Wan-ming1 2012, 2 (2):  58-64.  Abstract ( 6246 )   PDF (1077KB) ( 2544 )   Curcumin is a low molecular weight polyphenol compound derived from the rhizome of the plant Curcuma longa. Curcumin was reported to have anti-inflammatory，anti-oxidation and other pharmacological effects.In recent years, curcumin has also been shown to be effective in several neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, neuropathic pain, and neuroblastoma. This paper reviewed the neuroprotective effects and the potential therapeutic mechanisms of curcumin. References | Related Articles | Metrics