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26 August 2015, Volume 5 Issue 4 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Hyperglycemia in Acute Reperfusion Aggravates Cerebral Glucose Increase after Stroke ZHANG Shuai, XIA Cong-Yuan, ZHOU Heng, YANG Peng-Fei, CHEN Nai-Hong 2015, 5 (4):  1-7.  Abstract ( 1883 )   PDF (2007KB) ( 1457 )   Objective: To explore the effects of hyperglycemia on cerebral glucose level and brain injury after ischemic stroke. Methods: The middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was used to mimic the ischemic stroke. Hyperglycemia in acute reperfusion was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of 50% glucose (6 mL•kg-1) at 5 min before reperfusion in MCAO-treated rats. After reperfusion for 30 min and 24 h, the cerebral glucose levels were detected, and the neurological score and infarct areas were assessed. Results: After glucose administration, the blood glucose increased significantly and lasted for 120 min after reperfusion (P<0.05). Ischemia and reperfusion injury caused cerebral glucose increase. Hyperglycemia in acute reperfusion significantly aggravated the elevation of cerebral glucose, and increased the neurological score and infarct areas after reperfusion for 24 h (P<0.05). Conclusion: After cerebral ischemia, hyperglycemia in acute reperfusion could aggravate cerebral glucose increase and stroke injury. The elevation of cerebral glucose levels might directly mediate aggravation of stroke injury caused by hyperglycemia. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Low Level of DMSO on Cell Survival Rate and Amino Acid Metabolism in SH-SY5Y Cells LI Shuang, WANG Xiao-qin, GUO Chun-yan, ZOU Yu-an 2015, 5 (4):  8-13.  Abstract ( 2177 )   PDF (2235KB) ( 1433 )   Objective: The main objective of this article is to estimating the effect of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) on livability and amino acid metabolism of SH-SY5Y cells. Methods: SH-SY5Y cells were divided into normal group and DMSO group. The DMSO group was exposed to 0.0125% DMSO in different time (24, 48 h) to investigate amino acid transform which was associated with cell damage.SH-SY5Y cell livability was determined by MTT as well as amino acids content was determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Results: Compared with the normal group, DMSO group`s 7 amino acids (glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, proline, phenylalanine, isoleucine, leucine) decreased significantly after SH-SY5Y cells were treated with DMSO for 24 h (P<0.05),and 12 amino acids (glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, proline, phenylalanine, isoleucine, leucine, serine, histidine, lysine, alanine, tryptophan) decreased significantly after treated with DMSO for 48 h (P<0.01). But there was no significant transform in cell vitality and morphological specificity. Conclusions: Although there was no obvious change in cell vitality and morphological specificity, but amino acid concentrations had significant transform.  This finding suggests that abnormal amino acid metabolism may be a potential early and causal feature of cell damage. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Correlation of Th1/Th2 Cells in Balance and PARP-1 Expression in Rat with Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury CUI Yu-huan, YAN Juan, ZHAO Bao-min, DONG Li-ping, LIU Zhan-kuang, LIAN Jing-jing, WEI Yu-lei, ZHENG Mao-dong 2015, 5 (4):  14-21.  Abstract ( 1788 )   PDF (3511KB) ( 1597 )   Objective: To discuss correlation of Th1/Th2 cells in balance and PARP-1 expression in rat with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Methods: SD rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion by suture method, then they were randomly divided into the control group, sham group, model group, PJ34 group, then groups were divided into 5 subgroups according to different reperfusion time points, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 h, according to the different time points, neurological  deficits of each rat were determined infarct volume was analyzed with 2, 3, 5- triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining, the protein and mRNA expression of PARP-1 were detected by real-time quantitative PCR and western blot; the level of INF-γ and IL-4 were determined by ELISA methods. Results: compare to sham group, the neurological  scores, infarct volume, PARP-1 expression and the Th1/Th2 ratio significantly increased at different time points of reperfusion(P<0.01), and reached a peak by 24h. Compare to model group, neurological  scores,  infarct volume, PARP-1 expression and the Th1/Th2 ratio significantly reduced in PJ34 group(P<0.01), especially in ischemia reperfusion 24h. PARP-1 expression and the Th1/Th2 ratio had significant positive correlation(r=0.984, P<0.05). Conclusion: Th1/Th2 cells in Balance had related to PARP-1 expression in rat with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Skills of Intracerebral Hemorrhage Rat Model by Type VII Collagenase Injection LI Dong-fang, ZHAO Hai-bin, JIANG Tian-yuan, ZHAI Yao-yao, YANG Dan-dan 2015, 5 (4):  22-25.  Abstract ( 1924 )   PDF (2535KB) ( 1332 )   Objective: To study the skills of intracerebral hemorrhage model by injecting type Ⅶ collagenase into brain region in rats. Methods: The animal model of intracerebral hemorrhage was induced by the injection of type Ⅶ collagenase into caudate nucleus of rats with stereotactic instrument and improved methods. And then evaluate the feasibility and stability of the model through behavioral assessment initially. Results: we had made 150 rat models, two rats died, nine rats was not successful. The success rate of intracerebral hemorrhage model was 92.7%. Conclusion: The method of injecting type Ⅶ collagenase can be used to build the animal model of intracerebral hemorrhage ideally and steadily. Because of the simple experiment operation, it has a great promotional vaule. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation and Quality Evaluation of Osthole Liposome ZHANG Cheng-long, ZHANG Zhi-feng, MENG Xian-yong, DONG Xiao-hua 2015, 5 (4):  26-32.  Abstract ( 1962 )   PDF (1192KB) ( 1486 )   Objective：To research the best preparation technology and prescription, and to evaluate its quality. Methods：Osthole liposome was prepared through film-ultrasonic dispersion method. Encapsulation efficiency was taken as index, the preparation technology and prescription were optimized through single factor and orthogonal test, and particle size and Zeta potential were measured. Results: The optimal formulations were cholesterol/lecithin=1:3, drug/lecithin =3:20, pH=7.9, and at 45℃ reactive temperature. The entrapment efficiency was over 80%. Average particle size was（466.6 ± 6.4）nm and Zeta potential was（-29.0 ± 1.8）mV.  Conclusion：The preparation prescription and technology were feasible and stable, and osthole liposome has high entrapment efficiency and good stability. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Progress on Studies of Chloride Channels LIU Ya-ni, ZHANG Hui-ran, ZHAO Chen, HUANG Dong-yang, DU Yu-wei, ZHANG Hai-lin 2015, 5 (4):  33-42.  Abstract ( 2093 )   PDF (3707KB) ( 3479 )   Chloride is the most abundant anion in all organisms. Chloride channel, besides some active transporters, is one of the important pathways which allow chloride to go through the cell membrane. Chloride channels are probably present in every cell, from bacteria to mammals. Their physiological tasks include but not limited to cell volume regulation, stabilization of the membrane potential, signal transduction and transepithelial transporting. This review focus on the physiological functions and molecular identity of calcium activated chloride channels and volume regulated chloride channels, and also review briefly on voltage gated chloride channels, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator and ligand gated chloride channels. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of Estrogen Signal Pathway in Alzheimer’s Disease LIU Yang, SHEN Li-Xia 2015, 5 (4):  43-54.  Abstract ( 2280 )   PDF (1361KB) ( 1960 )   Alzheimer's disease(AD) is a common neurodegenerative diseases,and main symptomsare progressive cognitive dysfunction and memory deteriora -tion.Numerous clinical and epidemiological studies show that there is a gender difference in the incidence of AD,women are more likely to develop AD post-menopause,indicating the lack of estrogen is a risk factor of AD.Recent research has proposed estrogen can directly reduce the accumulation of senile plaqueand neurofibrillarytangles, the two significant pathological characteristics of AD. Studies have showed that estrogen may has neuroprotective effects,while clinical trials of women post-menopausal show no obvious effects of estrogen on AD.The discrepancies may related to the selectivity of estrogen receptors.This review will make a brief summary on AD related estrogen and estrogen receptors such as ER alpha or ER beta subtype,further discussing selective ligands of estrogen receptors provided a safe and effective treatment to AD. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on the Correlation Between Diabetes and Alzheimer’s Disease PEI Shuang-chao, AI Jing 2015, 5 (4):  55-64.  Abstract ( 2196 )   PDF (1189KB) ( 1463 )   The incidence of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is largely increased in the recent years. However, no available therapeutic regimens are successful treatment on the symptoms or altering the disease course of AD due to its undisclosed molecular mechanisms. Epidemiological data shows that diabetes mellitus is closely associated with AD incidence. Meanwhile, some antidiabetic drugs were found effectively to prevent or alleviate the symptom of AD, which may provide a new therapeutic strategy for future AD treatment. This article reviews the correlation between diabetes and AD, the mechanism about how diabetes causes AD, and the research progress of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) analogues on AD treatment. References | Related Articles | Metrics