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26 February 2021, Volume 11 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Betulinic Acid Ameliorates Rhabdomyolysis-Induced Acute Kidney Injury by Inhibiting the Phosphorylation of P38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases in Rats#br# #br# ZHANG Chao 2021, 11 (1):  1-64.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1396.2021.01.001 Abstract ( 202 )   PDF (4325KB) ( 41 )   Objective：To investigate the change and effect of P38 MAPK in rhabdomyolysis-induced acute kidney injury （AKI） and the interfered effect of betulinic acid （BA）. Methods：40 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups：control group（ C），group AKI（ A），group AKI+BA（ AB），group AKI+SB203580（ AS），group AKI+BA+SB203580（ ABS）. The experimental model of rhabdomyolysis-induced AKI was established by injecting 50% glycerin intramuscular into the hind limbs. Group AB，AS and ABS were administered intraperitoneally with BA and SB203580 separately or together. 24 hours after glycerin injection，the venous blood and kidney samples were taken. The serum creatinine（ CR），blood urea nitrogen（ BUN） and creatine kinase（ CK） were detected with automatic biochemistry analyzer. The expression of pP38 MAPK，P38 MAPK and cleaved caspase-3 in kidney were assayed by Western Blot. The pathological changes were examined by H&E staining. The levels of TNFα and IL6 in kidney were measured by ELISA. Results：Glycerin injection induced acute injury and pP38/P38 ratio was higher in the kidney，which were ameliorated by administration of BA and SB203580. In the dosage of this experiment，BA had better curative effect on renal function，kidney injury score，apoptosis rate and IL-6 level than SB203580. But the inhibition of P38 phosphorylation of SB203580 was stronger than BA. The influence on TNF-α of both drugs were similar. Generally，combined treatment of the two drugs had no significant difference with BA alone. Conclusion：In rhabdomyolysis-induced AKI，P38 MAPK was activated. Inhibition of P38 phosphorylation by SB203580 could reduce the level of Cr and BUN，suppress renal inflammation，alleviate the pathological damage and apoptosis. BA played a renoprotective role at least partially through inhibit ing the phosphorylation of P38 MAPK. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Osthole on Cortical Neurotransmitters and the Anxietyand Depresion-Like Behaviors in the Oxytocin Receptor-Silencing Rats#br# FAN Xukun, SUN Yi, SONG Shuangshuang, CONG Yifan, HOU Xueqin 2021, 11 (1):  11-17.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1396.2021.01.002 Abstract ( 107 )   PDF (1373KB) ( 30 )   Objective: To explore the role of oxytocin receptor (OTR) in regulating anxiety- and depression-like behaviors and monoamine, amino acids and choline neurotransmitters in the cerebral cortex. And to investigate the effects of osthole on neurotransmitters in OTR silencing rats. Method: OTR silencing rats were established via short hairpin RNA (shRNA). Elevated plus maze and forced swimming test were used to observe the effect of osthole on anxiety- and depression-like behaviors. Q-orbitrap HPLC-HRMS was applied to detect neurotransmitters in the cerebral cortex of rats. Results: In the elevated plus maze, the number of entering the open arms and the residence time in the open arms were significantly reduced in the OTR-shRNA rats compared with the control group (P<0.05). Osthole (12.5 mg·kg-1) treatment increased the number of entering the open arms and the residence time in the open arms compared with the OTR-shRNA group (P<0.01). Forced swimming test showed that the OTR-shRNA group rats were immobile for longer than the control group (P<0.05). The immobile time in the osthole (12.5 mg·kg-1 and 25 mg·kg-1) groups were reduced than that in the OTR-shRNA group (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the levels of dopamine (DA) and L-glutamic acid in the cerebral cortex of the OTR-shRNA group were higher (P<0.05), and the levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), and acetylcholine (Ach) were significantly lower (P<0.05). Osthole (12.5 mg·kg-1) reduced the level of DA, and increased the level of 5-HT, GABA and Ach (P<0.05), whereas osthole (25 mg·kg-1) increased the level of 5-HT and Ach (P<0.05). Conclusions: Osthole could influence neurotransmitters in the cerebral cortex, and attenuate anxiety- and depression-like behaviors, which may be through regulating the OTR pathway. It provides a new direction and basis for the research in central nervous system disorders, such as depression. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Relationship Between Astrocytes and Ischemic Stroke GUO Zixia, ZHANG Danshen 2021, 11 (1):  18-23.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1396.2021.01.003 Abstract ( 145 )   PDF (921KB) ( 71 )   Stroke is a central nervous system disease with a very high incidence nowadays，which seriously endangers human health. As the most widely distributed cell in the brain，astrocytes play an important role in the nervous system and are closely related to stroke. This article describes the relationship between astrocytes and stroke through the physiological role of astrocytes，hoping to provide more references for the basic research and treatment of stroke in the future. Related Articles | Metrics

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Methyl-Cpg Binding Protein-2 (Mecp2) and Neuropsychiatric Disorders#br# YU Mei-hua, YANG Zhihua, BAO Jinfeng 2021, 11 (1):  24-29.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1396.2021.01.004 Abstract ( 138 )   PDF (947KB) ( 16 )   Methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2) is a transcription inhibitor that specifically recognizes methylated CpG dinucleotides. MeCP2 is involved in regulating transcriptional activation, regulating chromosome conformation, RNA splicing and other basic life activities, such as embryonic development, tissue differentiation, organ formation, etc. Data shown MeCP2 plays an important role in neuropsychiatric diseases and may also become a new target for the treatment of neuropsychiatric diseases. Therefore, this article reviews the latest progress of MeCP2 in Rett syndrome, depression, addiction, autism and schizophrenia. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Curcumin and Its Nanoparticles in the Treatment of Central Nervous System Diseases XU Jie, JIANGYan, ZHANG Xinxin, ZHAO Liyan, ZHANG Wanming 2021, 11 (1):  30-37.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1396.2021.01.005 Abstract ( 177 )   PDF (1012KB) ( 31 )   Curcumin is a kind of hydrophobic polyphenol extracted from the rhizome of Curcuma. It has many pharmacological effects, such as anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidation. It can improve the symptoms of cancer, diabetes and brain injury. With the development of research, it has been found that it has good anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. Curcumin has been proved to have good potential in the treatment of nervous system diseases. However, poor solubility, low stability, rapid clearance rate in vivo and poor permeability of blood-brain barrier (BBB) limit its clinical application. In recent years, nanoparticles based drug delivery systems have effectively improved the water solubility and bioavailability of Curcumin. In this review, effects and possible mechanisms of Curcumin and its nanoparticles have been elucidated in a variety of central nervous system (CNS) related diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and glioblastoma, etc. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of Epigallocatechin Gallate ZENG Lu, ZHANG Shuai, AI Jing 2021, 11 (1):  38-56.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1396.2021.01.006 Abstract ( 548 )   PDF (1847KB) ( 177 )   Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) , the main component of tea polyphenols, is a catechin monomer isolated from tea. It has a variety of biological activities such as antioxidation, anti-inflammation, anti-tumor, anti-metabolic diseases, cardiovascular and neuronal protective effects. In recent years, more and more studies related to the in vivo activity and medicinal values of EGCG have revealed that it may have important clinical application values. Therefore, this paper reviewed the advances in pharmacokinetics，pharmacology and toxicology of EGCG, so as to provide theoretical basis for the further development and utilization of EGCG. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Protein Structure of Membrane Channels Permeable to Urea#br# XIONG Meng-yao, YANG Baoxue 2021, 11 (1):  57-64.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1396.2021.01.007 Abstract ( 110 )   PDF (1003KB) ( 35 )   The transport of urea by membrane channel proteins is the main transport mode except free diffusion, which mediates the transport of urea between cells and organelles. These membrane channels transport urea selectively, and play important roles in the multiple physiological functions. In recent years, significant advances have been made in the structural biology of some urea-permeable membrane channels, detailing their molecular structure, physiological function and regulatory modification. These studies provide a theoretical basis for elucidating the close relationship between urea transport and related diseases, and greatly promoting the research and development of new drugs. Related Articles | Metrics