Diabetic kidney disease is one of the most common and major complications in diabetic patients. It occurrences rate is higher and has extremely high rates of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Oxidation should play a significant role in the course of diabetic kidney disease. Diabetes can enhance the activity of the oxidation of emergency. Oxidative stress is one of the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease which can lead to diabetes complications. Oxidative stress can also lead to renal interstitial，glomerular and renal cell damage，and damage of kidney function. Due to oxidative stress is associated with inflammatory cells with dense，it often exists at the same time，they activate each other. ROS can be mediated kidney inflammation and accelerate the development of diabetic kidney disease，high sugar also affect kidney function by influencing the renal blood flow. Based on the close relationship between oxidative stress and diabetic kidney disease，antioxidants should be considered to treat diabetic nephropathy. At present，Vc，Ve and ACEI drugs can be used for diabetic nephropathy clinically，as well as some other antioxidants such as calcium antagonists，PKC inhibitors and even Traditional Chinese medicine. In the future，oxidative stress can be targeted to study more and better drugs for the treatment of diabetic kidney disease.