神经药理学报

神经药理学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (6): 60-.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1396.2021.06.010

• 综述 • 上一篇    

代谢性疾病及心脑血管疾病尿外泌体的变化及机制研究进展

陈晓依，赵靖宇，陈树春   

  1. 1. 河北北方学院研究生学院，张家口，075000，中国  2. 河北省人民医院内分泌科，石家庄，050051，中国  3. 华北理工大学研究生学院，唐山，063210，中国
  • 出版日期:2021-12-26 发布日期:2021-12-26
  • 通讯作者: 陈树春，博士，教授；研究方向：糖尿病、甲状腺疾病、垂体疾病等；E-mail：guang6701@sina.com

Progress in the Study of Changes and Mechanisms of Urinary Exosomes in Metabolic Diseases and Cardiovascular Diseases

CHEN Xiao-yi，ZHAO Jing-yu，CHEN Shu-chun   

  1. 1. Graduate School，Hebei North University，Zhangjiakou，075000，China  2. Department of Endocrinology，Hebei Provincial People’s Hospital，Shijiazhuang，050051，China  3. Graduate School，North China University of Science and Technology，Tangshan，063210，China
  • Online:2021-12-26 Published:2021-12-26

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摘要：

外泌体（exosomes）是一种直径为30~100 nm，由细胞主动分泌到细胞外的膜性囊泡，可以从尿液及其 他生物体液（如血浆、羊水、唾液、腹水等）中提取并分离出来，其携带的蛋白质、核酸、脂类等可在细胞间传递遗 传物质，并参与细胞的免疫调节。尿外泌体在生理状态下主要来源于面向管腔的各种细胞，其内含有的蛋白质、 RNA 等参与慢性疾病微环境中细胞间的信息交流。最近的研究表明，尿外泌体的提取分离可以作为某些慢性疾 病的诊疗标准，甚至可判断预后。该文总结了在代谢性疾病及心脑血管疾病中尿外泌体的治疗应用及作用机制 的研究进展。

关键词: 尿外泌体, 代谢性疾病, 心脑血管疾病, 生物标记物, 作用机制

Abstract:

Exosomes are membranous vesicles 30-100 nm in diameter that are actively secreted by cells to the outside of the cell. They can be extracted and isolated from urine and other biological fluids （e.g.，plasma，amniotic fluid，saliva，ascites，etc.） and carry proteins，nucleic acids，lipids，etc. that can transmit genetic material between cells and participate in cellular immune regulation. In the physiological state，urinary exosomes are mainly derived from various cells facing the lumen，and the proteins and RNAs contained in them are involved in the exchange of information between cells in the microenvironment of chronic diseases. Recent studies have shown that the extraction and isolation of urinary exosomes can be used as a diagnostic criterion for certain chronic diseases and even to determine prognosis. This article summarizes the progress of research on the therapeutic applications and mechanisms of action of urinary exosomes in metabolic diseases and cardiovascular diseases.

Key words: urinary exosomes, metabolic diseases, cardiovascular diseases, biomarkers, mechanism of action

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