Objective：To explore the effect of unilateral basal ganglia hemorrhage on neural function in neonatal rats. Methods：Fifty four neonatal rats were randomly divided into normal control group （NC，n = 18），sham operation group （SH，n = 18） and intracerebral hemorrhage group （CH，n = 18）. 25 μL autologous blood was injected into the left caudate nucleus to establish the model of basal ganglia hemorrhage. NC group was given normal feeding without any intervention. In SH group，microinjection pump needle was inserted into the left caudate nucleus without blood injection. Other treatments were the same as those in CH group. The neurological function score at different time points，the results of daytime opening experiment and evening opening experiment were compared among the three groups. Results：After modeling，the neurological function of rats showed different degrees of damage. SH group rats had relatively mild neurological damage symptoms，which could recover in a short time，and all recovered 72 hours after operation. The changes of muscle tension and hemiplegia occurred in CH group. Compared with SH group and NC group，the neurological function score of CH group was significantly higher on the 1st and 3rd day （P<0.05）. There was no significant difference in neurological function scores between SH group and NC group on the 1st，3rd，7th and 14th day （P>0.05）.Compared with SH group and NC group，CH group had more grooming times，upright times and crossing grid times （P<0.05）. Compared with SH group and NC group，CH group had more upright times and crossing grid number （P<0.05）. Conclusion：The development of rats will appear unilateral basal ganglia focal hemorrhage injury symptoms，with compensatory，repairable and other basic characteristics，and most of them will not appear serious neuromotor dysfunction left behind，but will cause non selective attention level decreased，autonomic activity increased and other symptoms.