神经药理学报

神经药理学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (5): 57-.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1396.2024.05.008

• 综述 • 上一篇    

右美托咪定在老年患者术后谵妄中的研究进展

张宇锡，姚杰   

  1. 1. 河北北方学院研究生学院，张家口，075000，中国 

    2. 河北北方学院附属第一医院麻醉科，张家口，075000，中国

  • 出版日期:2024-10-25 发布日期:2024-10-26
  • 通讯作者: 姚杰，副主任医师，副教授，硕士研究生导师；研究方向：围术期神经认知功能障碍防治策略与机制探讨；E-mail：jingjie1229@163.com
  • 作者简介:张宇锡，河北北方学院2023级硕士研究生；E-mail：554943360@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    河北省卫健委医学科研项目（No.20220607）；河北省中医药类科学研究课题计划项目（No.2023332）

Research Progress of Dexmedetomidine in Postoperative Delirium in Elderly Patients

ZHANG Yu-xi, YAO Jie   

  1. 1. The Graduate School of Hebei North University, 075000, Zhangjiakou, China 

    2. Department of Anesthesiology, The First Clinical College of Heibei North University, 075000, Zhangjiakou, China

  • Online:2024-10-25 Published:2024-10-26

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摘要：

术后谵妄（postoperative delirium，POD）是老年患者手术麻醉后常见的并发症，尤其在重大手术或急诊 手术后，干扰了患者的恢复进程及原发疾病的预后，还可能引起新发并发症从而延长住院周期、增加病死率、增加 患者医疗成本。由于POD的发生机制尚不明确，目前缺乏有效预防措施。研究表明右美托咪定（dexmedetomidine， DEX）作为一种高选择性α2 肾上腺素能受体激动剂，在POD 预防和治疗中表现出一定优势。该文综述了POD 的相关机制和危险因素、右美托咪定在预防和治疗老年患者POD 中的临床研究及其潜在机制，旨在为临床应用 提供理论依据。

关键词: 术后谵妄, 右美托咪定, 老年人, 危险因素

Abstract:

Postoperative delirium (POD) is a common complication after surgical anesthesia in elderly patients, especially after major surgery or emergency surgery, which interferes with the recovery process of patients and the prognosis of the primary disease, and may cause new complications to prolong the hospitalization cycle, increase the fatality rate and increase the medical cost of patients. Because the mechanism of POD is not clear, there is a lack of effective prevention measures. Recent studies have shown that Dexmedetomidine (DEX), as a highly selective α2 adrenergic receptor agonist, has shown certain advantages in POD prevention and treatment. In this paper, the related mechanisms and risk factors of POD, the clinical studies of dexmedetomidine in the prevention and treatment of POD in elderly patients and its potential mechanisms were reviewed, aiming to provide theoretical basis for clinical application.

Key words: postoperative delirium, dexmedetomidine, aged, risk factor

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