神经药理学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 10 ›› Issue (2): 46-54.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1396.2020.02.009

• 综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

光遗传学结合在体电生理在神经精神疾病研究中的实施策略及意义

王帅帅,韩峰   

  1. 南京医科大学药学院,南京,211166,中国
  • 出版日期:2020-04-26 发布日期:2020-04-26
  • 通讯作者: 韩峰,男,教授;研究方向:心脑血管药理学与神经药理学;Tel:+86-025-86868462,E-mail:fenghan169@njmu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:王帅帅,女,硕士;研究方向:药理学
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金重点项目(No:81930103)

Research Strategies of Combining Optogenetics with Electrophysiology in Neuropsychiatric Disorders

WANG Shuai-shuai,HAN Feng   

  1. School of Pharmacy,Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing,211166,China
  • Online:2020-04-26 Published:2020-04-26
  • Contact: 韩峰,男,教授;研究方向:心脑血管药理学与神经药理学;Tel:+86-025-86868462,E-mail:fenghan169@njmu.edu.cn
  • About author:王帅帅,女,硕士;研究方向:药理学
  • Supported by:
    国家自然科学基金重点项目(No:81930103)

摘要:

光遗传学是一种用于调节光控基因表达、蛋白质定位、信号转导和蛋白质相互作用的分子技术,具有时空分辨率高、特异性强和光反应灵敏快速等突出特点。该技术通过利用遗传学手段选择性在某些类型神经细胞上表达光敏感通道,通过活体组织内光传送技术,进而改变这些细胞的活动及功能,成为精确定位与剖析不同类型神经元在神经环路及神经系统疾病、精神疾病中的作用的有力工具。因此,这种具有革命意义的研究方法的出现极大地推动了神经药理学相关研究的进展。此外,在体电生理技术能够获取多个脑区的众多神经元的同步放电情况,探讨多个脑区的神经元放电情况在时间和空间上的相关性和差异性等,并可以通过剖析比较不同调控手段条件下的神经元放电模式,进而深度解析大脑对不同外界刺激的反应机理。现在,光遗传学结合在体电生理研究方法已经为开展神经精神疾病的研究提供了重要技术支撑,因此该综述总结了近年来光遗传学结合在体电生理在神经精神疾病的发病机制和治疗机制等方面研究中的实施策略及意义。

关键词: 光遗传学, 在体电生理, 神经精神疾病

Abstract:

Optogenetics is a molecular technology used to regulate the expression of lightcontrolled genes,protein localization,signal transduction and protein interaction. It has prominent characteristics such as high spatial and temporal resolution,strong specificity and quick and sensitive light response. The selective means through the use of genetic technology on certain types of neuron cells express light sensitive channels,through the living tissue within the optical transmission technology,and change the activity and function of these cells,become accurate positioning and analyze the different types of neurons in neural circuits and the role of nervous system diseases,mental illness provides a powerful tool. Therefore,with the emergence of this revolutionary research method,the research progress of neuropharmacology has been greatly promoted. In addition,in-vivo electrophysiological technique can record many synchronous discharge of neurons in multiple regions and investigate discharge of neurons in multiple regions in the correlation and difference of time and space,etc.,and can analyze the comparison of different control measures under the condition of neurons firing pattern,and the depth resolution mechanism of the brain’s response to various external stimuli. At present,optogenetics combined with in-vivo electrophysiology has provided important technical support for the research on neuropsychiatric disorders. Therefore,this review summarizes the implementation strategies and significance of optogenetics combined with in-vivo electrophysiology in the research on the pathogenesis and treatment mechanism of neuropsychiatric disorders in recent years.

Key words: optogenetics, in-vivo electrophysiology, neuropsychiatric disorders