Objective: To explore the mechanism of Twenty Five Flavored Coral Pills in the treatment of ischemic stroke (IS) based on network pharmacology and molecular docking. Methods: The active ingredients of Twenty Five Flavored Coral Pills were searched through TCMSP and Herb databases, and the target of action was screened by Pubchem database and Swiss Target Prediction database; Retrieve Ischemic Stroke disease gene targets from GeneCards database, OMIM, and TTD database; Protein interaction network analysis, KEGG and GO enrichment analysis were performed on the standardized active ingredient targets and disease target genes after crossing using String database, Cytoscape 3.9.0 software, David database and bioinformatics platform. Apply an auxiliary platform for molecular docking verification and visualize the results using PyMOL software. Results: Through network pharmacology screening, 1 133 effective active ingredient targets and 667 disease target genes were identified for the treatment of IS in the Twenty Five Flavored Coral Pill. A total of 177 potential target genes were identified through intersection mapping. After data topology analysis, the top 3 core components with the highest degree values were identified as TP53, SRC, and AKT1. Functional and pathway enrichment analysis indicated that the biological processes (BP) mainly involved responses to hypoxia, positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling, and negative regulation of gene expression. The cellular components (CC) mainly involved the plasma membrane, cell surface, extracellular space, and extracellular region. Molecular function (MF) involves enzyme binding, identical protein binding, protein binding, and so on. KEGG pathway enrichment involves AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, Pathways in cancer, Proteoglycans in cancer, HIF-1 signaling pathway, Lipid and atherosclerosis etc. Four key components (kaempferol, beta-sitosterol, quercetin, isorhamnetin) were selected for molecular docking with the four core components (TP53, SRC, AKT1, TNF). The results showed that the key component has strong binding ability with the core target. Molecular function (MF) involves enzyme binding, identical protein binding, protein binding, and so on. KEGG pathway enrichment involves AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, the Pathways in cancer,the HIF-1 signaling pathway, the lipid and atherosclerosis. Four key components (kaempferol, beta-sitosterol, quercetin, isorhamnetin) were selected for molecular docking with the four core components (TP53, SRC, AKT1, TNF). Conclusion: Network pharmacology research has preliminarily elucidated that the Tibetan medicine Twenty Five Flavored Coral Pills has multiple effective ingredients; meanwhile, the key component has a strong binding ability with the core target. and can exert synergistic therapeutic effects through multiple targets and pathways.

Objective: To screen the optimal water extraction process for Alisma orientale formula granules. Methods: A three-variable single-factor method was adopted, with extraction time, water addition volume, and extraction frequency as horizontal factors, and acetyl alisma C content and alisma extract rate as evaluation indicators. The Box-Behnken response surface method was used to screen the water extraction process of Alisma formula granules, and the best water extraction process method was selected. Results: The water extraction process of the optimized Alisma orientale formula granules is to add 10 times the amount of water, boil for 1.5 hours, and extract three times. Conclusion: The preferred extraction process is stable and feasible, providing a basis for the large-scale industrial production of Alisma orientale formula granules.

Objective: To analyze the rationality of benzodiazepine drug use in elderly patients with schizophrenia and its influencing factors. Methods: The clinical data of 68 elderly schizophrenia patients who visited rugao mental health center from January 2023 to May 2025 were retrospectively collected. All patients were treated with benzodiazepine drugs. The rationality of drug use was comprehensively evaluated according to the drug efficacy, indications, and safety grading standards in the "Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Schizophrenia", and the patients with rational drug use were classified as the rational group, while the others as the irrational group. Single-factor and multi-factor analyses were conducted to evaluate the influencing factors of irrational drug use. Results: The proportion of patients≥ 70 years old, the proportion of those with a lower education level, the duration of illness≥ 10 years, and the proportion of combined medication in the irrational group were all higher than those in the rational group (P<0.05). After multi-factor analysis, age, education level, duration of illness≥ 10 years, and combined medication were all independent influencing factors for irrational drug use in elderly patients with schizophrenia (P<0.05). Conclusion: There is irrational drug use in elderly patients with schizophrenia, mainly influenced by high age, low education level, duration of illness≥ 10 years, cognitive impairment, and combined medication. Clinically, corresponding measures can be taken based on relevant risk factors for intervention to ensure rational and safe drug use.

Objective: To investigate the prognostic value of serum copeptin level combined with thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) score in patients with acute STsegment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) complicated with heart failure (HF). Methods: A total of 107 patients with HF after acute myocardial infarction were selected for TIMI score. According to the score results, they were divided into low-risk group (0~3 points) with 31 cases, medium-risk group (4~6 points) with 42 cases, and high-risk group (7~14 points) with 34 cases. According to the level of copeptin, they were divided into low copeptin group (60 cases) and high copeptin group (47 cases). The serum copeptin levels and TIMI scores of patients with low, medium and high-risk groups of TIMI and patients with low and high copeptin groups with recurrence/no MACE within 180 days after discharge were compared. Results: The levels of serum copeptin in the low, medium and high-risk groups were (17.59±3.06), (22.76±5.01) and (43.04±11.55) pmol·L-1, respectively. The level of copeptin increased with the increase of TIMI score, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). After 180 days of follow-up, there were 29 cases of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and 78 cases without MACE. The serum copeptin level in patients with recurrent MACE was significantly higher than that in patients without MACE [ (40.70±12.22) vs (20.13±4.92) pmol·L-1, P<0.05]. The TIMI score of patients with recurrent MACE was significantly higher than that of patients without MACE [ (8±4) vs (5 ±3), P<0.05]. During the 180-day clinical follow-up, the cumulative incidence of cardiac death in the high copeptin group was higher than that in the low copeptin group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Serum copeptin combined with TIMI score has positive clinical reference value for prognosis evaluation of STEMI patients with HF.

Estrogen is a very important sex hormone in women. It is mainly produced by the female ovaries and has biological effects by binding with the estrogen receptor (ER) in vivo. In recent years, studies have found that estrogen and its receptors can not only promote the development of female reproductive organs, but also have the role of central nervous system protection, anti-osteoporosis, tumor inhibition and improvement of metabolic diseases. This article reviews and summarizes the research progress of estrogen and its receptors in female diseases and the application of phytoestrogens, in order to provide evidence for the clinical application of estrogen and the development of new drugs.

Although ginsenoside CK (CK) has pharmacological potential, it needs to be transformed into practical dosage forms via pharmaceutical formulation technology to improve efficacy, reduce toxic and side effects, and promote its translation from active ingredient to clinical application. With the development of pharmaceutics, novel dosage forms have driven further advances in the research of CK formulations. This paper systematically reviews the research status of CK in passive targeting, active targeting, physicochemical property-responsive and non-targeted delivery systems by classifying according to delivery systems, analyzes the existing problems in current research, and provides new ideas and references for the development and clinical application of CK formulations.

Osteoporosis features reduced bone mass and damaged microarchitecture, yet some individuals sustain fragility fractures despite normal bone mineral density (BMD), showing that BMD alone cannot capture fracture resistance. Bone strength is governed by bone quality, integrating mass, microarchitecture, matrix material properties, and osteocyte activity. The osteocyte lacunar–canalicular network (LCN) is the central microanatomical pathway for mechanotransduction and metabolic exchange: it converts mechanical loading into interstitial fluid–flow–mediated cues and propagates signals that tune bone formation and resorption. Studies indicate that aging and disease can reduce LCN connectivity and disturb its geometry, leading to inefficient transport and blunted cellular responses; consequently, microdamage repair and mechanical adaptation decline even when bone mass appears preserved. This review summarizes LCN-centered, multi-physics mechanisms underlying osteoporosis heterogeneity and highlights opportunities for improved risk stratification and targeted interventions.

In recent years, with the increasing clinical use and intensity of carbapenem antibiotics, the resistance rate of Acinetobacter baumannii to carbapenem antimicrobial agents has shown a gradual upward trend. Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii is now widely distributed globally, with detection rates continuously rising, making it one of the major global public health issues. The resistance mechanisms of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii are complex, involving the production of carbapenemases, overexpression of efflux pumps, deletion or altered expression of outer membrane proteins, biofilm formation, and changes in drug binding sites. For infections caused by multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, the number of clinically available antimicrobial agents is diminishing, making infection control challenging and resulting in high patient mortality rates. Therefore, clinicians should actively prevent multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, optimize antimicrobial use and infection control, and actively seek new drugs and treatment strategies to address carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. This review summarizes the current status of infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and its resistance mechanisms, providing scientific basis for future antibiotic research, clinical guidance, and prevention strategies.